Endoscopic calcaneoplasty: five-year results

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the endoscopic calcaneoplasty technique for the treatment of retrocalcaneal bursitis and Haglund's disease

Anatomic relationship between elbow arthroscopy portals and neurovascular structures in different elbow and forearm positions

Twenty fresh codaveric elbows were used to evaluate the proximity of neurovascular structures to the six arthroscopic portals of the elbow at different positions. After distention of the joint, 4-mm Steinmann pins were introduced into the elbow from the portal's entry points. After surgical dissection, the proximity of the neurovascular structures to the pins was measured in 5 different positions. The radial nerve showed significant proximity to the anterolateral portal in full elbow flexion, full elbow extension, and forearm supination with 10%, 20%, and 10% nerve-pin contacts, respectively. The distance between the median nerve and medial portals was significantly decreased with full extension. This study demonstrated that the distance between the route of the scope and neurovascular structures might diminish significantly during elbow motion. Most of these movements are unavoidable in elbow arthroscopy, but maintaining certain positions for a considerable period of time or angulating the scope forcefully in these positions can cause nerve injury

Understanding lipid metabolism in high-lipid-producing Chlorella vulgaris mutants at the genome-wide level

In this study, physical and chemical mutagenesis methods were applied to enhance lipid productivity in Chlorella vulgaris. Then, de novo RNA-seq was performed to observe lipid metabolism changes at the genome-wide level. Characterization of two mutants, UV-715 and EMS-25, showed marked increases in lipid contents, i.e., 42% and 45%, respectively. In addition, the biomass productivity of the UV-715 cells was 9% higher than that of wildtype cells. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry analysis showed that both mutants have higher fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) contents than wild-type cells. To understand the effect of mutations that caused yield changes in UV-715 and EMS-25 cells at a genome-wide level, we carried out de novo RNA-seq. As expected, the transcriptional levels of the lipid biosynthesis genes were up-regulated, while the transcriptional levels of genes involved in lipid catabolism were down-regulated. Surprisingly, the transcriptional levels of the genes involved in nitrate assimilation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly increased in the mutants. The genome-wide analysis results highlight the importance of nitrate metabolism and detoxification of ROS for high biomass and lipid productivity

Cross-sectional area of the labrum: role in the diagnosis of anterior acetabular labral tears

Objective To investigate the utility of ultrasound cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements for diagnosing acetabular labral (AL) tears

Shear wave elastography properties of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis obliquus muscles in normal subjects and female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

The aim of our study was to define and compare the mechanical properties of the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis obliquus muscles (VMO) by the way of quantitative shear-wave elastography in male and female healthy control (HC) subjects, and in female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)

Peritendinous injection of platelet-rich plasma to treat tendinopathy: A retrospective review

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with the likelihood of a better clinical outcome after the peritendinous injection of PRP for the treatment of chronic tendinopathy and identify whether PRP represents an effective treatment option for chronic tendinopathies. Methods: The study included 214 patients (86 males and 128 females; mean age: 39.3 (18–75) years) who received PRP injections for tendinopathy refractory to conventional treatments. The mean duration of symptoms at the moment of the PRP treatment was 8.3 months. Primary outcome measurement was perceived improvement in symptoms for each anatomic compartment for upper and lower limbs at 6 months after treatment. Also, a visual analog scale (VAS) score (pain intensity on a 0–10 scale) was used for pain scoring questionnaire before treatment, 6 weeks and 6 months following the PRP injection(s). To identify factors associated with the likelihood of a better clinical outcome, patients were categorized on the basis of their perceived improvement in symptoms 6 months after the PRP injection(s)—that is, as lower (less than 50% global improvement) or higher (more than 50% global improvement). Results: A visual analogue scale score and perceived improvement in symptoms were significantly lower after peritendinous injection in 6-week and 6-month follow-ups compared with the baseline (P 50%) in pain symptoms was observed in most of the patients. Our research found that results were most promising with patellar and lateral epicondylar tendinopathy in the short to medium term. Female patients, patients with upper extremity tendinopathy and older patients appeared to benefit more from PRP injection. Level of evidence: Level IV, Therapeutic study. Keywords: Platelet-rich plasma, Tendinopathy, Injection, Achilles tendon, Patellar tendon, Lateral epicondyliti