'These are issues that should not be raised in black and white': the culture of progress reporting and the doctorate

This paper reports findings from Australian research into student, academic and administrative staff understandings of the role and efficacy of periodic progress reports designed to monitor the progress of higher-degree-by-research candidates. Major findings are that confusion of the purpose and ultimate audience of these reports is linked to less than effective reporting by all parties; countersigning and report dependency requirements inhibit the frank reporting of progress and 'social learning' impacts on the way candidates and sometimes supervisors approach reporting obligations, running counter to institutional imperatives. We conclude that no ready or transparent nexus between the progress report and progress may be assumed. Fundamentally, this calls into question the usefulness of this process as currently implemented. Arising from this is the recommendation that progress reporting be linked to substantive reviews of progress and embedded in the pedagogy and curriculum of higher-degree-by-research programmes

The Regulation of Tidal Energy Development Off Nova Scotia: Navigating Foggy Waters

The vast potential for tidal power development in the Bay of Fundy region of the Atlantic coast has been recognized for decades. At the same time, finding an effective way to harness this power in a cost effective, sustainable and environmentally responsible manner has been an ongoing challenge. In the 1980s, barrage based tidal power technology was piloted in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. It was found to be unsuitable from both environmental and cost perspectives. More recently, pilot projects underway around the world are using new, open turbine technology that is expected to significantly reduce cost and environmental impact. This technology operates on principles similar to a wind turbine, except it is anchored on the seabed in tidal waters. These turbines are able to take advantage of flows of water in both directions, and offer power in predictable intervals during most of the tidal cycle. While this technology is still in the early stages of commercialization, there are pilot projects underway around the world. As a result, the question of how to make decisions on whether, where and under what conditions to permit tidal power development in regions such as the Bay of Fundy have arisen again. The Bay of Fundy finds itself in a region of Canada that has seen the introduction of a number of major new industries over the past few decades. Included in this list are pulp and paper, aquaculture, and, most recently, offshore oil and gas facilities. Decisions on how to regulate these industries were generally reactive and sometimes short-sighted. Since the arrival of these industries, there has been considerable change in the understanding of how governments can make responsible decisions in the best long term interest of their citizens. The pending arrival of tidal power development in Nova Scotia provides an opportunity to implement the lessons learned, to apply appropriate governance models to see through the fog, and to maximize long term benefits to the region. The following article seeks to make the case for principled governance of resource based industries such as tidal power. The primary aim is to offer an overview of the international, constitutional and legislative context and to briefly illustrate the benefits of a principled, proactive approach. A detailed design of the proposed governance regime, strategic assessment and integrated planning processes are left for follow-up research. The purpose here is to lay the foundation for such further work. The article therefore considers issues related to the governance of this new development opportunity by first identifying, in Parts One and Two, the international and constitutional context within which any governance regime for the Bay of Fundy would exist. Parts Three and Four then briefly describe key existing legislative and regulatory systems in place in Nova Scotia that would apply to tidal power development projects. Experiences in other jurisdictions are assessed in Part Five, both with respect to tidal power and for other comparable offshore developments, such as wind. Within this overall context, Part 6 of the article then offers some preliminary thoughts on the essential elements of a suitable governance regime

바이오 기업 입지결정 요인에 관한 연구: 수도권 미래전략을 중심으로

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 공과대학 건설환경공학부, 2021.8. 정창무.본 연구는 바이오 기업들의 입지 요인을 종합적으로 분석하고, 향후 급증할 바이오 기업들이 입지를 선정하는 데에 있어 고찰해야 할 점을 목적으로 하였다. 바이오 기업의 입지와 관련된 선행연구들을 살펴보면 고급인력자원, 산학연 연계 등이 중요하다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 하지만 통계청의 2019년 바이오산업 실태조사 보고서를 살펴보면 바이오산업은 타 산업 대비 석사비율이 높은 것을 확인할 수 있다. 선행연구들은 설문조사, AHP 같은 방법론을 통해 증명하였으며, 석사인력의 중요성을 제시하지 않았다. 이에 본 논문은 바이오 기업의 입지를 정량적으로 연구하기 위해 공간계량모형을 활용하여 분석하였으며, 석사인력자원의 분포도가 바이오 기업입지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 논문은 다음과 같은 사항을 증명하여 선행연구와 차별성이 존재한다. 첫째, 바이오산업은 소규모 다품종 생산 형태를 띄고 있어 충분히 숙련된 노동인력이자 과한 임금이 요구되지 않는 석사인력자원을 선호한다. 둘째, 연구의 결과를 통해 바이오 기업의 해당 시군구 석사자원은 바이오 기업 입지밀도에 유의미한 영향을 미친다. 마지막으로 기업의 영향권 내 대기업이 존재하면 입지밀도가 증가한다는 것을 계량적으로 증명하였다는 점에서 의의가 존재한다. 본 연구에 이용된 시군구 별 학사, 석사, 박사자원은 바이오를 전공한 인력을 구할 수 없어 바이오 관련 전공자가 아닌 전체 전공자 데이터를 사용했다는 점에서 본 논문의 한계가 존재한다. 데이터의 부재로 인해 온전히 바이오 인력자원 영향력을 설명하기에는 어려우나 전체 시군구별 학사, 석사, 박사자원 비율은 전국적으로 바이오 노동인력 대비 학사, 석사, 박사 비율과 큰 차이가 없을 것이라 간주하여 연구를 진행하였다. 전 세계를 공황에 빠뜨린 코로나 19 사태를 해결할 열쇠로 주목되는 바이오산업은 산업 가치 및 일자리 창출효과가 크며, 국가의 3대 중점 산업으로서 선정되었다. 바이오산업의 중요성은 점점 커지고 있으며, 미래의 전염병에 대응하기 위한 바이오산업의 입지분석은 필수적이다. 본 연구는 국가의 바이오산업 육성 의지 및 바이오 기업들의 증설계획으로 인해 앞으로 더욱 늘어날 기업 수를 대비하여 국가 및 기업들에게 입지 선정 시 고려해야 하는 요인들과 수도권 바이오 클러스터 발전 방향을 제시하는 데 의의가 있다. 주변 석사자원과 대기업 및 대학 유무는 바이오 신설 기업 수와 정의 관계를 가지며, 아파트 기준시가, 소득수준은 부의 관계를 가진다. 대부분의 신설 바이오 기업들은 정책적 지원을 받아 창업하였으며, 상대적으로 지가가 낮은 경기 남부지역에 입지한 것으로 판단된다. 기업의 영향권 내 대기업의 유무가 바이오 기업 입지 밀도에 영향을 미치는 것을 대략 살펴볼 수 있었으나, 향후 바이오산업의 특성을 보다 정밀하게 분석하기 위해 대기업 수준변수를 반영하는 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.This dissertation aims to reveal the locational determinants of biotechnology firms in Seoul Metropolitan area, in order to present urban planning strategies responding to the development of the biotechnology industry. The biotechnology industry has experienced remarkable growth since 1970s and is drawing attention as the key to overcome COVID-19 pandemic. Koran government has strongly expressed its willingness to foster the biotechnology industry in November 2020 and announced biotechnology industry as the “Big Three” industries that will propel economic development along with automobiles and semi-conductors. The biotechnology firms, capable of multi-breed production in small sizes, prefer employing master’s degree holders who are generally employed at relatively lower wages compared Doctorate personnel. Thus, the availability of master’s human resources of the cities and counties will have a significant influence on the location decision of biotechnology firms. Furthermore, the biotechnology industry has a high cooperative relationship ratio compared to other industries thus has a large agglomeration effect, Therefore, the location of biotechnology companies will be affected by the existence of large conglomerates within the firm’s sphere of influence than the accessibility of the location. Spatial panel regression model was used to identify the locational determinants of the biotechnology firms. The result showed that the number of Master’s degree holders and the existence of large conglomerates within the firm’s sphere of influence have positive influence to the number of biotechnology firms in that corresponding cities and counties. Although the result of spatial panel regression model analysis has shown that Master's degree holders of cities and counties have a significant influence on the number of biotechnology firms at a significance level of 0.05, a Granger Causality analysis was conducted to investigate causality between two variables in a time series. The result shows that the increase in the number of Master's degree holders affects the number of biotechnology firms after two years, but not the otherwise. Based on the analysis result, this study suggests the urban properties for new biotechnology firms to consider when entering the market. It also proposes guidelines for future urban planning strategies responding to the development of biotechnology industry.Chapter I. Introduction １ 1.1. Study Background １ 1.2. Purpose of Research ５ Chapter II. Literature Review ７ 2.1. Locational Determinants of Biotechnology firms ７ 2.2. Corporate Sphere of Influence 16 2.3. Spatial Econometrics Model and Spatial Panel Model 17 Chapter III. Research Problem and Hypothesis 20 3.1. Research Problem 20 3.2. Research Hypothesis 22 Chapter IV. Methodology and Data 23 4.1. Research Flow and Methodology 23 4.2. Data and Variables 33 Chapter V. Results 36 5.1. Spatial Panel Model Analysis Results 36 5.2. Granger Causality Test 40 Chapter VI. Conclusion 42석

Rapid manufacturing – impact on supply chain methodologies and practice

This paper demonstrates the use of Rapid Manufacturing (RM) as the enabling technology for flexible manufacturing in a number of industrial sectors. The paper discusses the evolution of Rapid Prototyping (RP) to Rapid Manufacturing and the current issues that require further research for the successful integration of this technology within manufacturing companies. The use of RM will have particular impact on supply chain management paradigms such as lean and agile and has particular strategic fit with mass customisation. The effect RM will have on these paradigms is discussed and confirmed with example cases from automotive production, motor sport and medical devices industries. In conclusion RM has already been shown in the three cases to offer benefits, particularly where fast re-configuration of the manufacturing process is required and with the production of customised components

The EU Services Directive, German Labour Market Regulation and Institutional Change

How does extending markets across national borders impact national institutions regulating labour markets? This paper addresses this question by analysing resistance in Germany to the European Commission’s draft Directive on an Internal Market for Services (COM(2004) 2 final/3). It demonstrates how the Commission’s initial attempt to integrate European service markets threatened to accelerate changes in the institutional structure of post-war German industrial relations. The paper shows how a broad spectrum of social and political interests in Germany united in successful opposition to this threat. It also demonstrates, however, that this resistance only postponed institutional reform in German labour markets and pushed the reform process—temporarily—from European to German legislative arenas. This study demonstrates that European market liberalisation, rather than driving the German state from labour markets, is pushing it to take a more active role in regulating employment. It also provides observations about processes of institutional change

Intelligent Multiphase Flow Measurement

The oil and gas industry’s goal of developing high performing multiphase flow metering systems capable of reducing costs in the exploitation of marginal oil and gas reserves, especially in remote environments, cannot be over emphasised. Development of a cost-effective multiphase flow meter to determine the individual phase flow rates of oil, water and gas was experimentally investigated by means of low cost, simple and non-intrusive commercially available sensors. Features from absolute pressure, differential pressure (axial), gamma densitometer, conductivity and capacitance meters, in combination with pattern recognition techniques were used to detect shifts in flow conditions, such as flow structure, pressure and salinity changes and measured multiphase flow parameters simultaneously without the need for preconditioning or prior knowledge of either phase. The experiments were carried out at the National Engineering Laboratory (NEL) Multiphase facility. Data was sampled at 250 Hz across a wide spectrum of flow conditions. Fluids used were nitrogen gas, oil (Forties and Beryl crude oil – D80, 33o API gravity) and water (salinity levels of 50 and 100 g/l MgSO4). The sensor spool piece was horizontally mounted on a 4-inch (102mm) pipe, and the database was obtained from two different locations on the flow loop. The ability to learn from ‘experience’ is a feature of neural networks. The use of neural networks allows re-calibration of the measuring system on line through a retraining process when new information becomes available. Some benefits and capabilities of intelligent multiphase flow systems include: Reduction in the physical size of installations. Sensor fusion by merging the operating envelopes of different sensors employed provided even better results. Monitoring of flow conditions, not just flow rate but also composition of components. Using conventional sensors within the system will present the industry with a much lower cost multiphase meter, and better reliability. Comment [HS1]: I think this word should be measured to make the sentence read correctly