Acute pulmonary edema after laryngospasm.

Pulmonary edema may develop in healthy patients after anesthesia. Even in adult patients it is important to ascertain the depth of anesthesia before extubation. Too early extubation can result in laryngospasm, followed by increased inspiratory effort and significant rises in pulmonary capillary pressure, which may create fluid movements in the lung resulting in pulmonary edema.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Liposomal bupivacaine controlled release applied to human pharmacokinetics

SCOPUS: cp.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Distribution of 99m TC unilamellar liposomes in the subarachnoidal space of rats

SCOPUS: cp.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

99mTechnetium-stannous oxinate as marker of liposome formulations

Liposomes associated with tin(II) dioxinate were prepared from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol as sterile and pyrogen-free multilamellar or unilamellar vesicles. Complexing of liposomal tin(II) dioxinate with 99mTc attained 98% of the added radioactivity. Thirty percent 99mTc were released during 24-h incubation in biological fluids. The absence of tin colloids seen by electron microscopy and the stability of liposomal phospholipid and tin(II) dioxinate during 72-h incubation at 37°C in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid would allow safe and reliable scintigraphic liposome pharmacokinetic studies.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effects of carbon dioxide embolism with nitrous oxide in the inspired gas in piglets

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Biodistribution of liposomes after extradural administration in rodents

We have mapped over 24 h the biodistribution of 99mTc-labelled multilamellar and small unilamellar liposomes in rabbits and rats by scintigraphic imaging after extradural injection. Multilamellar vesicles formed a depot at the site of injection; small unilamellar vesicles spread immediately along the extradural space and entered the systemic compartment 30 min after injection. Well-delineated liver and kidney labellings were seen after 24 h. The use of 3H-cholesterol-labelled small unilamellar vesicles suggested hepatic capture of intact liposomes with sizes averaging 0.05μm drained unmodified into the systemic circulation through the extradural lymphatics. These results have led to the selection of multilamellar vesicles (0.1-15μm size range) for clinical trials using liposome-associated local anaesthetics.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Reduction in Requirements for Allogeneic Blood Products: Pharmacologic Methods

BACKGROUND: Numerous articles describe the reduction of perioperative bleeding by the therapeutic or prophylactic administration of drugs such as prostacyclin, desmopressin, and natural or synthetic antifibrinolytics. METHODS: A review of the literature was carried out to help the reader define the indications of these drugs during cardiopulmonary bypass operations, highlight the questions that remain concerning their indications and modes of action, and suggest future studies to answer these remaining questions. RESULTS: Prostacyclin reduces platelet trauma induced by extracorporeal circulation but does not effectively reduce postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements. Desmopressin acts as a "glue," improving platelet adhesion, and may be effective when postoperative bleeding is excessive, but its routine use in cardiac operations cannot be recommended. Natural and synthetic antifibrinolytics inhibit plasmin and plasmin-induced platelet dysfunction. These agents have been shown to decrease bleeding and the need for allogeneic transfusions after open heart operations. However, with antifibrinolytic drugs, the risk of thromboembolic phenomena cannot be neglected. With aprotinin, this risk appears to be minimal when the drug is used at concentrations high enough to inhibit plasma kallikrein also. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic antifibrinolytics are efficacious, but their routine use remains controversial, both for economic reasons and for fear of thromboembolic complications