I-Gel and Classic LMA - a Comparitive Study in Anaesthetized and Paralyzed Patients

This study was undertaken in 50 ASA 1 and 2 patients of age group 18 to 60 years undergoing elective surgeries of short duration. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 25 each for i-gel and classic LMA. Parameters assessed were - ease of insertion of airway device i.e. no. of attempts required and time taken for effective airway establishment (TFEA), ease of gastric tube placement, gastric insufflation and regurgitation (by comparing pH of the secretions on the dorsal surface of both the devices with sensitive litmus paper), hemodynamic response to insertion of device and post-operative sore throat following general anaesthesia. Incidents like desaturation, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, gastric insufflations were noted. The mode of induction, maintenance and reversal of general anaesthesia remained the same for both the groups. Demographic data between the two groups i.e. age, weight, sex, duration of surgery was comparable and with no statistical difference between them. There was one incidence of failure of insertion with Classic LMA to achieve effective airway. Success rate of device insertion was higher for i-gel than classic LMA and was statistically significant. Mean attempt for i-gel was 1.12 (S.D 0.332), classic LMA 1.45 (S.D 0.588). Time required for effective airway establishment was shorter with i-gel 20.24 seconds (S.D 22.408) than classic LMA 52.458 (S.D 41.341) and was statistically significant P < 0.05. There were no statistical and clinical differences in hemodynamic responses to insertion of both the devices. After removal at the end of surgery blood was visible on cuffs of 3 Classic LMAs but not on any of the i-gels. No statistical difference was found in pH of the cuffs of both the devices after removal. Incidence of post-operative sore throat was more with classic LMA (mean rank 31.25) than i-gel (mean rank 19) and was statistically significant P < 0.05. To conclude i-gel is easier to insert than Classic LMA and also facilitates gastric tube placement. i-gel is appropriate device for airway management as an alternative or backup device to Classic LMA. i-gel is less traumatic to airway than Classic LMA and correctly positioned i-gel isolates glottis from upper esophagus and provides airway protection

Monoamine oxidase-dependent endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria dysfunction and mast cell degranulation lead to adverse cardiac remodeling in diabetes.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors ameliorate contractile function in diabetic animals, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Equally elusive is the interplay between the cardiomyocyte alterations induced by hyperglycemia and the accompanying inflammation. Here we show that exposure of primary cardiomyocytes to high glucose and pro-inflammatory stimuli leads to MAO-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species that causes permeability transition pore opening and mitochondrial dysfunction. These events occur upstream of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and are abolished by the MAO inhibitor pargyline, highlighting the role of these flavoenzymes in the ER/mitochondria cross-talk. In vivo, streptozotocin administration to mice induced oxidative changes and ER stress in the heart, events that were abolished by pargyline. Moreover, MAO inhibition prevented both mast cell degranulation and altered collagen deposition, thereby normalizing diastolic function. Taken together, these results elucidate the mechanisms underlying MAO-induced damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy and provide novel evidence for the role of MAOs in inflammation and inter-organelle communication. MAO inhibitors may be considered as a therapeutic option for diabetic complications as well as for other disorders in which mast cell degranulation is a dominant phenomenon

Propargyl alcohol derivatives of Fe-2(CO)(6)(mu-EE')(E,E'=S,Se or Te): Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of (CO)(6)Fe-2{mu-EC(H)=C(CH2OH)E'}(E=Se or Te; E'=S, Se or Te); Crystal structure of (CO)(5)(PPh(3))Fe-2{mu-SeC(CH2OH)=C(H)Se}

The propargyl alcohol derivatives (CO)(6)Fe-2{mu-EC(H)=C(CH2OH)E'} (E = Se or Te; E' = S, Se or Te) were obtained from the room-temperature reaction of Fe-2(CO)(6)(mu-EE') with propargyl alcohol and were characterized by IR and H-1, C-13, Se-77 and Te-125 NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the PPh(3)-substituted derivative (CO)(5)(PPh(3))Fe-2{mu-SeC(CH2OH)=C(H)Se} was established by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study

Conscious sedation using dexmedetomidine for percutaneous transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects: A single center experience

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine safety and feasibility of conscious sedation using dexmedetomidine for transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure. Material and Methods: A retrospective institutional review of transcatheter ASD device closure without endotracheal intubation over 18 months. The protocol included topical oropharyngeal anesthesia using lignocaine followed by dexmedetomidine bolus 1 μg/kg intravenously over 10 min and maintenance dose 0.2-0.7 μg/kg/h. Ramsay sedation score 2-3 was maintained. Patients were analyzed regarding demographic profile, device size, procedure time, anesthesia time, recovery time, hospital stay, and any hemodynamic or procedural complications. Results: A total of 43 patients with mean age 31.56 ± 13.74 years (range: 12-56 years) were analyzed. Mean anesthesia duration was 71.75 + 21.08 min. Mean recovery time was 7.6 ± 3.01 min. 16 females and one male patient required additional propofol with a mean dose of 30.8 ± 10.49 mg. No hemodynamic instability was noted. No patient required general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The procedure was successful in 93.02% of patients. Four patients developed atrial fibrillation. All patients were satisfied. Conclusion: Conscious sedation using dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective anesthetic technique for percutaneous ASD closure

ADDITION OF PHENYLACETYLENE TO THE MIXED-CHALCOGENIDE COMPOUNDS (CO)(6)FE-2(MU-SETE), (CO)(6)FE-2(MU-SSE), AND (CO)(6)FE-2(MU-STE) - STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF (CO)(6)FE-2(MU-SEC(H)=C(PH)TE)

From the room-temperature reaction of the mixed-chalcogenide compound Fe-2(CO)(6)(mu-SeTe) with phenylacetylene two isomeric products were isolated, Fe-2(CO)(6){mu SeC(H)=C-(Ph)Te} (1) and Fe-2(CO)6{mu-SeC(Ph)=C(H)Te} (2). Fe-2(CO)(6)(mu-SSe) reacted with phenylacetylene to form Fe-2(CO)(6){mu-SC(Ph)=C(H)Se} (3). The room-temperature reaction of Fe-2(CO)(6)(mu-STe) with phenylacetylene also yielded two isomeric products, Fe-2(CO)(6)(mu-SC-(H)=C(Ph)Te) (4) and Fe-2(CO)(6)(mu-SC(Ph)=C(H)Te) (5). In ah of these reactions, the homochalcogenide compounds Fe-2(CO)(6)(mu-EC(H)=C(Ph)E) (E = Se, Te, E = S, Se, and E = S, Te, respectively) were also formed in trace amounts. The new compounds 1-5 were characterized by IR and H-1, C-13, Se-77, and Te-125 NMR spectroscopy. Compound 1 was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallized in the triclinic space group P $($) over bar$$ 1 with a = 7.773(9) Angstrom, b = 10.635(9) Angstrom, c = 12.010(10) Angstrom, a = 104.99(10)degrees, beta = 102.86(11)degrees, gamma = 106.38(9)degrees, V = 872.1(8) Angstrom(3), Z = 2, and D(calc) = 2.241 g cm(-3).Full-matrix least-squares refinement of 1 converged to R = 0.077 and R(w) = 0.086

Promising Stability of Gold-Based Catalysts Prepared by Direct Anionic Exchange for DeNO x Applications in Lean Burn Conditions

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