DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF LINAGLIPTIN AND METFORMIN

Objective: A simple, precise, and accurate stability indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of linagliptin and metformin active pharmaceutical ingredients and fixed dose combination.Methods: Linagliptin and metformin densitograms were developed on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with acetone: methanol: chloroform: formic acid (3:1:5:1v/v) as the mobile phase. Densitometric quantification was performed at 230 nm.Results: For linagliptin and metformin RF values were found as 0.72 and 0.19, respectively. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness. The linearity curves were obtained in the concentration range of 100–600 ng per spot by area with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.99 for linagliptin and metformin, respectively. Limit of detection was found to be 5.19 and 8.72 ng per spot for linagliptin and metformin, respectively; lowest possible quantity to be quantified by the proposed method was found to be 15.74 and 26.44 ng per spot for linagliptin and metformin, respectively. From stability studies, the noninterference of the linagliptin and metformin degradants with drugs demonstrated the suitability of the developed method.Conclusion: The developed method was validated and found to be selective, specific and suitable for application in pharmaceutical analysis of these drugs in bulk and fixed dose combination.Â

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GLIPIZIDE MICROEMULSION

Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate a microemulsion for the oral delivery of Glipizide.Methods: Microemulsion systems composed of oleic acid, isopropyl myristate as oils; tween 80, span 20 and cremophor EL as surfactants; propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol as cosurfactants were investigated as potential drug delivery vehicle for delivery for glipizide. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the investigated system at constant surfactant concentration and varying oil/water or oil/cosurfactant ratios was constructed at room temperature by titration method. This allowed studying structural inversion from oil-in-water to water-in–oil microemulsion. Furthermore, electrical conductivity, in vitro dissolution studies, pH, centrifugation, % transmittance, viscosity, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, DSC and accelerated stability studies were conducted.Results: The results of electrical conductivity clearly indicated the structural inversion. Based on these values oil/water microemulsions were selected. The plain drug has shown only 40% of dissolution, while the drug from all the o/w microemulsions has shown>90% dissolution. Based on in vitro release studies f3, f12, f22 formulations were chosen. Particle size values of f3, f12, f22 formulations are 202.4 nm, 83.3 nm, 315.3 nm respectively. Viscosity results showed that the formulations follow the Newtonian flow.Conclusion: The 3 formulations f3, f12 and f22 were successful in increasing the dissolution of glipizide in GIT and capable of sustaining the release of the drug for 8 h. From the viscosity, particle size, polydispersity index values, f12 was considered as the optimized formulation. Further, centrifugation, zeta potential and accelerated stability studies also indicated that the formulations were stable. DSC studies revealed no drug-excipient interaction in the optimized formulation. Owing to the above results microemulsion can be thus considered as a suitable oral delivery system for glipizide.Â

Multi-task Image Classification via Collaborative, Hierarchical Spike-and-Slab Priors

Promising results have been achieved in image classification problems by exploiting the discriminative power of sparse representations for classification (SRC). Recently, it has been shown that the use of \emph{class-specific} spike-and-slab priors in conjunction with the class-specific dictionaries from SRC is particularly effective in low training scenarios. As a logical extension, we build on this framework for multitask scenarios, wherein multiple representations of the same physical phenomena are available. We experimentally demonstrate the benefits of mining joint information from different camera views for multi-view face recognition.Comment: Accepted to International Conference in Image Processing (ICIP) 201

Ultasound guided management of ankle sprain

Background: Ankle sprain accounts for 15-20% of sports injuries. They are complex injuries and studies that better delineate the etiology are needed. The accuracy of ultrasound as a diagnostic modality of ankle sprain is comparable to MRI.  In this study we evaluated the use of ultrasound in delineating the grade of sprain, with special emphasis of grade 2 sprains.Methods: We prospectively studied 80 ankle sprains of over two years. All the patients with features of ankle sprain were evaluated with high frequency ultrasound. Grade 1 & 2 sprains were included in the study. All the patients were followed up for 1 year. Grade 2 sprains were treated with cast for 6 weeks and evaluated for any residual symptoms and chronicity.Results: There were 51 males and 29 females with right ankle injured in 57 patients. Seventy-three patients were injured during their leisure activities and 7 were sports injuries. According to ultrasound grading, there were 58 grade 1 injuries, 22 being grade 2 sprain. All the patients were followed up till 1 year. At the end of one year, 79 patients were recovered well with no residual symptoms.Conclusions: Ultrasonogram effectively differentiates grade 1 from grade 2 and gives a clue for further management. Therefore, we recommend routine use of ultrasonogram for every ankle sprain. For grade 2 sprains, rigid immobilization for 6 weeks gives excellent results with no residual symptoms

NOVEL NANOPARTICLES FOR THE ORAL DELIVERY OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ASSESSMENT

Objective: The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate a novel oral formulation of nanoparticles for the systemic delivery of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation (PEC) method using polymers sodium alginate and chitosan. Entrapment efficiency of LMWH in nanoparticles was found to be  ̴88%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‑ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)  studies carried for nanoparticles. In vitro release studies were performed for the formulations. Ex vivo permeation studies were performed optimized formulation by using small intestine of rat and in vivo studies were conducted on rat model.Results: In vitro release studies demonstrated that the release of LMWH was negligible in the stomach and high in the small intestine. FTIR has indicated that there is no interaction between the ingredients in nanoparticle. DSC and XRD studies confirmed that the amino groups of chitosan interacted with the carboxylic groups of alginate. Invitro % drug release of 95% was shown by formulation AC5. Ex vivo permeation studies have elucidated that ̴ 73% of LMWH was transported across the epithelium. Nanoparticles have shown enhanced oral bioavailability of LMWH as revealed by 4.5 fold increase in AUC of plasma drug concentration time curve.Conclusion: The results suggest that the nanoparticles prepared can result in targeted delivery of LMWH into systemic circulation via intestinal and colon routes. Novel nanoparticles thus prepared in this study can be considered as a promising delivery system.Keywords: Antifactor Xa activity, Chitosan, Differential scanning calorimetry, Sodium alginate, Low-molecular-weight heparin, Oral bioavailability

PLANT-MEDIATED ZNO NANOPARTICLES USING FICUS RACEMOSA LEAF EXTRACT AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Objective: The motto of this research work was to synthesize the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) should be environmental friendly. Hence, it receives more attention toward the green route method.Methods: At last, the Ficus racemosa ZnONPs (FR-ZnONPs) were successfully synthesized using a simple protocol and eco favorable technique. This paper highlights the biosynthesis of ZnONPs using leaf extract of F. racemosa. Results: FR-ZnONPs formation was confirmed by the different spectral analysis such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electronic dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. UV-visible studies revealed that the intrinsic band gap absorptions were at 372 nm and photoluminescence study showed that the blue emission at 492, 481, 473, and 450 nm and the green emission at 540 nm, respectively. FR-ZnONPs are wurtzite hexagonal structure with an average grain size of 15 nm was found from XRD analysis.Conclusion: FR-ZnONPs exhibited good antimicrobial efficacy on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with various concentrations (100 μg/mL, 75 μg/mL, and 50 μg/mL) by disc diffusion method. The results showed the good antibacterial activity of FR-ZnONPs on G+ve and G-ve bacteria

A study on chemical analysis of drinking water from some communities in Nandyal rural areas of Kurnool district ,Andhra pradesh, India

ABSTRACT This study consisted of the determination of the trace metal ions and some physiochemical properties in drinking water samples from the neighboring villages of Nandyal region, Kurnool district, where drinking water samples are not treated before it is consumed. The purpose was to ascertain the quality of water from these sources. Samples were taken from ten sampling points and analyzed for the following parameters Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Al, pH,EC,NO3-, SO 4 , and F-using the procedure outline in the plain test photometer method. The data showed the variation of the investigated parameters in samples as follows: pH 5.47-7.39, conductivit