Optimization of Path Selection in MIMO

Multi-hop communication is the best way for improving the coverage area with reduced transmission power.This paper can easily found a path selection based on multi-hop decode and forward (DF) cooperative system. Then it is said to be a simple parallel multi-hop paths based cooperative communication system. Recently, cooperative communication have attracted significant attention to tackle the limitations imposed by multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology. To eliminate these limitations and increase spectral efficiency, Compress-and-Forward(CF) technique was proposed. In many known examples where compress-and-forward(CF) for relay networks is capacity achieving, it is only trivially so, i.e., it falls back to hashing without quantization.A potentially better strategy is to decode as much as possible and to compress the residual information, i.e., a combination of decode-and-forward (DF) and CF

Odd Fibonacci edge irregular labeling for some trees obtained from subdivision and vertex identification operations

ليكن G  رسما بيانيا  برؤوس p وحواف q و  دالة متباينة وشاملة , حيث k عدد صحيح موجب. إذا كانت تسمية الحافة المستحثة  معرفة ب   لكل  المتباينة, فان علامة التبويب  تدعى وضع علامات غير منتظمة على حافة فيبوناتشي الفردية ل G. الرسم البياني الذي يعترف بوضع علامات غير منتظمة لحافة فيبوناتشي الفردية يسمى الرسم البياني غير المنتظم لحافة فيبوناتشي الفردية. قوة عدم انتظام حافة فيبوناتشي الفردية هي الحد الأدنى k الذي يعترف G بوضع علامات غير منتظمة لحافة فيبوناتشي الفردية. في هذا البحث ، تم تحديد قوة عدم انتظام حافة فيبوناتشي الفردية لبعض الرسوم البيانية للتقسيمات الفرعية والرسوم البيانية التي تم الحصول عليها من تحديد الرأس.Let G be a graph with p vertices and q edges and  be an injective function, where k is a positive integer. If the induced edge labeling   defined by for each is a bijection, then the labeling f is called an odd Fibonacci edge irregular labeling of G. A graph which admits an odd Fibonacci edge irregular labeling is called an odd Fibonacci edge irregular graph. The odd Fibonacci edge irregularity strength ofes(G) is the minimum k for which G admits an odd Fibonacci edge irregular labeling. In this paper, the odd Fibonacci edge irregularity strength for some subdivision graphs and graphs obtained from vertex identification is determined

Cytomorphological Evaluation of Nodular and Diffuse Thyromegaly with Emphasis on Bethesda System of Reporting: A Prospective Study

Swelling in thyroid are frequently encountered. Clinical evaluation helps in diagnosis but is difficult to distinguish the early malignant lesions from the more prevalent benign goiters. FNAC is a simple and safe procedure, carried out in OPD with minimum equipment and has good patient compliance. As FNAC is the primary investigation for the management of thyroid lesions, its interpretation is very crucial. This study aims at classifying the cytomorpholgical profile of nodular and diffuse thyromegaly cases with emphasis on Bethesda system of reporting. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is used for clarity of communication and recommends that each case should be reported in 1 of 6 diagnostic categories which include Category I –Non –diagnostic, Category II- Benign, Category IIIAtypia of undetermined significance / Follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), Category IV - Follicular neoplasm / Suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN), Category V- Suspicious for malignancy (SFM), Category VI – Malignant, thus facilitating a uniform communication among the managing team of doctors and leaves no confusion regarding the management of thyroid lesions. A total of 300 cases with thyroid swellings were studied during the period of January 2013 to June 2014. FNAC of thyroid was done in all cases and the cytomorpholgy of the individual thyroid lesions were evaluated and all cases were reported using TBSRTC. Of the total 300 cases, 3 cases(1%) were reported in category I, 274 cases (91.3%) were reported in category II, 1 case(0.3%) in category III, 12 case (4%) in category IV , 2 cases (0.7%) in category V, 8 cases (2.7%) in category VI. Major bulk of cases were seen in category II. Thus the application of TBSRTC bridges the gap in communication between the clincians and helps in the proper patient management

Local Invariants and Pairwise Entanglement in Symmetric Multi-qubit System

Pairwise entanglement properties of a symmetric multi-qubit system are analyzed through a complete set of two-qubit local invariants. Collective features of entanglement, such as spin squeezing, are expressed in terms of invariants and a classifcation scheme for pairwise entanglement is proposed. The invariant criteria given here are shown to be related to the recently proposed (Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 120502 (2005)) generalized spin squeezing inequalities for pairwise entanglement in symmetric multi-qubit states.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, REVTEX, Replaced with a published versio

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Painful Shoulders and Correlation of Rotator Cuff Pathologies and Clinical Examination.

Shoulder Pain Is One Of The Most Common Complaints Encountered In Clinical Practice And Frequently Results In Considerable Morbidity. Its Cause Is Related To Many Different Pathologies And Articular Structures And Periarticular Soft Tissues May Be Involved. For This Reason, It Is Often Difficult To Detect And Identify The Site Of Anatomical Alteration With Clinical Examination Alone. Many Clinical Diagnostic Tests Have Been Developed For The Physical Examination Of The Shoulder Girdle But Suffer From Lack Of Accuracy. Although A Complete History, Physical Examination And Review Of Plain Radiograph By An Experienced Examiner Were Found To Be Sufficient For Establishing The Diagnosis And Treatment Plan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Still Had A Significant Impact On Clinical Decision Making A Large Subset Of Patients With Shoulder Pain. Given The Great Improvement In Resolution Achieved By High-Frequency Ultrasound, It Is Expected To Serve As An Important Tool For The Accurate Evaluation Of Painful Shoulder. Even Before Advanced Imaging (US & MRI) Is Performed, The Diagnosis Of Rotator Cuff Tear Can Be Suggested At Clinical Examination (1-4) & With Radiography Of The Shoulder. Ultrasonography Has Been Established As An Effective Imaging Method In The Evaluation Of The Rotator Cuff. Specific US Criteria Have Been Used To Correctly Diagnose Rotator Cuff Tears(5) . These Include Nonvisualization Of The Rotator Cuff Or Focal Tendon Defect To Indicate A Full-Thickness Tear, Flattening Of The Bursal Surface To Indicate A Bursal Side Partial-Thickness Tear, And A Distinct Hypoechoic Or Mixed Hyperand Hypoechoic Defect At The Articular Surface To Indicate An Articular Side Partial-Thickness Tendon Tear(6). Because Of The Difficultly In Diagnosing Some Rotator Cuff Tears With US, Various Associated Secondary Signs Have Been Described. These Include Greater Tuberosity Cortical Irregularity (7,8), Fluid Within The Subacromial-Subdeltoid Bursa , And Joint Effusion(9,10) . The Reported Usefulness Of Each Of These Signs Is Variable, And The Results Are Often Conflicting. Relatively Less Is Known About The US Appearance Of Tendinosis. Tendinosis, Or Tendinopathy, Can Be Defined As Tendon Degeneration. The Term Tendinosis Is Preferred Over Tendinitis, Because Eosinophilic, Fibrillar, And Mucoid Degeneration Are Present, And Acute Inflammation Is Typically Absent. Bachman et al Demonstrated That Supraspinatus Tendon Degeneration Might Appear Hypo- Or Hyperechoic At US. Differentiation From Tendon Tear May Be Difficult, As Both Tendinosis And Tendon Tear May Appear Hypoechoic And Coexist Within The Same Tendon. We Discuss The Clinical & US Evaluation Of Rotator Cuff Pathologies With An Emphasis On US Technique And Interpretation Of US Findings

Connected Domination on Linear and Double Hexagonal Chains

is the minimum cardinality taken over all connected domination sets of G

Effect of land configurations and Pongamia mulch on soil moisture content and yield of yellow pericarp sorghum during kharif

The present work aims to determine the effect of land configurations and Pongamia pinnata mulch on soil moisture content and yield of yellow sorghum during kharif, 2018-19 on sandy clay loam soils of Hyderabad. The experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The treatments included land configurations (Flatbed, Ridge and furrow, Broad bed and furrow, Flatbed + Mulch, Ridge and Furrow + Mulch, Broad bed and furrow + Mulch) and yellow sorghum genotypes (PYPS 101, PYPS 102, PYPS 103 and PYPS 104). Mulch used in this investigation was Pongamia leaf mulch applied @ 6 t ha-1 uniformly at 20 DAS. Soil moisture played a vital role in increasing crop yields in the rainfed regions of the semi-arid tropics. During most crop growth stages, the availability of soil water was increased by Broad bed and furrow + mulch, resulting in increased grain yield by 37 % (1701 kg ha-1) of yellow sorghum over flatbed. Ridge and furrow + mulch were found to be the next best treatment, with a grain yield of 1590 kg ha-1. Mulched treatments of flatbed, ridge and furrow and broad bed and furrow increased the grain yield by 20%, 28% and 37%, respectively, compared to flatbed without mulch. The present study will help in recognizing profitable moisture conservation practices and the role of Pongamia mulch in soil moisture conservation and yield maximization of yellow sorghum

Non-local properties of a symmetric two-qubit system

Non-local properties of symmetric two-qubit states are quantified in terms of a complete set of entanglement invariants. We prove that negative values of some of the invariants are signatures of quantum entanglement. This leads us to identify sufficient conditions for non-separability in terms of entanglement invariants. Non-local properties of two-qubit states extracted from (i) Dicke state (ii) state generated by one-axis twisting Hamiltonian, and (iii) one-dimensional Ising chain with nearest neighbour interaction are analyzed in terms of the invariants characterizing them.Comment: 5 pages, no figure

Vulnerability re-assessed: the changing face of sex work in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh.

We conducted a qualitative study to examine the impact of an HIV prevention programme on female sex workers' lives in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. The study found evidence that, in addition to the HIV prevention programme, structural and environmental factors had recently changed the way sex work was being practiced. Recent closure of the brothels and implementation of a late-night street curfew by the police meant sex work had become more hidden, with clients often solicited using mobile phones from home or their work place (e.g., in the fields or factories). Sex work had become safer, with violence by non-regular partners rarely reported. Women understood the risks of unprotected vaginal sex and reported using condoms with their clients. However, clients were more frequently requesting anal sex, possibly due to recent exposure to pornography following increased accessibility to modern technologies such as mobile phones and the Internet. Anal sex with clients was common but women were often unaware of the associated risks and reported unprotected anal sex. HIV positive and/or older women faced severe financial hardship and difficulty soliciting sufficient clients, and reported unprotected vaginal and anal sex to earn enough to survive. Taken together, the findings from this study suggest changing vulnerability to HIV in this setting. It will be important for HIV prevention programmes to be flexible and creative in their approaches if they are to continue to reach this target community effectively

HLA-DR phenotypes and IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate and 30 kDa antigens in pulmonary tuberculosis

The role of HLA-DR genetic make-up on the IgG, IgA and IgM antibody response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate and 30 kDa antigens was studied in pulmonary tuberculosis. The study was carried out in HLA-DR typed active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) patients (n = 37), inactive (cured) pulmonary tuberculosis (ITB) patients (n = 79) and normal healthy subjects (NHS; n = 46). In ATB and ITB (cured) patients, IgG antibody (optical density at 490 nm for 1 : 3200 dilution) as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was the predominant one than IgA and IgM antibodies. Increased IgG antibody titre to culture filtrate (P = 0.03) and decreased titre to 30 kDa antigen were observed with HLA-DR1-positive ATB patients than non-DR1 (ATB) patients. Moreover, HLA-DR4- and HLA-DR6-positive ATB patients showed trends toward an increased IgG antibody response to 30 kDa antigen than HLA-DR4- and HLADR6- negative (ATB) patients respectively. Significantly increased IgA antibody to 30 kDa antigen was observed with HLA-DR1-positive ATB patients than non-DR1 patients (P = 0.03). The study suggests that multiple HLA-DR molecules may regulate the IgG and IgA antibody responses to various proteins of M. tuberculosis. Moreover, HLA-DR phenotypes and increased IgG and IgA antibody titres may be useful to differentiate M. tuberculosis-infected subjects from normal subjects and cured patients with the same HLA-DR phenotypes or genetic make-up