Spearman’s partial correlation coefficients and <i>P</i> values controlling for subjects and corresponding baseline values (two-tailed test), for the relations between plasma amino acids, plasma incretins, serum insulin (iAUC 0–15 min, respectively), and plasma glucose (expressed as GI, GP and Glucose iPeak)¹.

1<p>Significant correlations are shown in bold text.</p>2<p>The IGI is correlated to the amino acid (iAUC 0–45 min).</p>3<p>∑ 5 Amino acids: Sum of iAUC of threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine.</p>4<p>∑ 6 Amino acids: Sum of iAUC of threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and arginine.</p><p>GI, glycemic index; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; GP, glycemic profile; IGI, insulinogenic index; II, insulinemic index.</p

Early postprandial incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) for plasma glucose and serum insulin responses¹.

1<p>All values are mean ± SEM; n = 14 (n = 13 for S and S+6AA; n = 12 for W+6AA). Values in the same column with different superscript letters are significantly different, P≤0.05 (ANCOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). S (soy protein isolate); S+5AA (S, iso, leu, lys, thr and val); S+6AA (S+5AA and arg); W (whey protein isolate); W+5AA (W, iso, leu, lys, thr and val); W+6AA (W+5AA and arg).</p

Plasma glucose and serum insulin responses after the meals¹.

1<p>All values are mean ± SEM. Values in the same column with different superscript letters are significantly different, P≤0.05 (ANCOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test); n = 14 (n = 13 for S and S+6AA; n = 12 for W+6AA).</p>2<p>GI and II are expressed as iAUC 0–120 min.</p><p>GI, glycemic index; GP, glycemic profile; IGI, insulinogenic index; II, insulinemic index; S (soy prpone.0044731.g004.tifotein isolate); S+5AA (S, iso, leu, lys, thr and val); S+6AA (S+5AA and arg); W (whey protein isolate); W+5AA (W, iso, leu, lys, thr and val); W+6AA (W+5AA and arg).</p

Postprandial serum insulin responses.

<p>Mean (± SEM) incremental postprandial changes (Δ) in serum insulin in response to equal amounts of carbohydrates from a reference meal and the PMPD meals; n = 14 (n = 13 for S and S+6AA; n = 12 for W+6AA). A significant treatment effect (P<0.001) but no time x treatment interaction was found. S (soy protein isolate); S+5AA (S, iso, leu, lys, thr and val); S+6AA (S+5AA and arg); W (whey protein isolate); W+5AA (W, iso, leu, lys, thr and val); W+6AA (W+5AA and arg).</p

Serving sizes and nutritional compositions of the reference and test meals¹.

1<p>S (soy protein isolate); S+5AA (S, iso, leu, lys, thr and val); S+6AA (S+5AA and arg); W (whey protein isolate); W+5AA (W, iso, leu, lys, thr and val); W+6AA (W+5AA and arg).</p>2<p>Amount of energy per serving.</p

Postprandial plasma incretin responses.

<p>Mean (± SEM) incremental postprandial changes in GIP (A) and GLP-1 (B) in response to equal amounts of carbohydrates from a reference meal and the PMPD meals; n = 14 (n = 13 for S and S+6AA; n = 12 for W+6AA). Significant treatment effects (P<0.0001) but no time x treatment interactions were found for neither GLP-1 nor GIP. S (soy protein isolate); W (whey protein isolate); W+5AA (W, iso, leu, lys, thr and val).</p