An algorithmic characterization of antimatroids

In an article entitled “Optimal sequencing of a single machine subject to precedence constraints” E.L. Lawler presented a now classical minmax result for job scheduling. In essence, Lawler's proof demonstrated that the properties of partially ordered sets were sufficient to solve the posed scheduling problem. These properties are, in fact, common to a more general class of combinatorial structures known as antimatroids, which have recently received considerable attention in the literature. It is demonstrated that the properties of antimatroids are not only sufficient but necessary to solve the scheduling problem posed by Lawler, thus yielding an algorithmic characterization of antimatroids. Examples of problems solvable by the general result are provided

The 1723 AD violent Strombolian and phreatomagatic eruption at Irazu volcano (Costa Rica)

The largest of the recorded historic eruptions at Irazú volcano began on February 16, 1723 and lasted until at least December 11. We here critically examine deposits of this eruption exposed on the summit of Irazú. Our reconstruction of the eruption is based on the unique chronicle of the Spanish governor Diego de la Haya. The eruption began with a < 10 cm thick surge deposit of phreatic origin showing block sag structures. The deposit is overlain by 6 m-thick coarse-grained basaltic andesitic non-graded juvenile fallout tephra consisting of highly vesicular (22-59 vol.%) bombs and lapilli with minor hydrothermally altered lapilli (1-7 vol.%) and rare light colored andesitic vesicular lapilli (< 1%). These fallout deposits are interpreted as strombolian, possible generated during a short-lived scoria cone at the end of February 1723, dominate volumetrically in the proximal facies. Overlying <1.2 m thick phreatomagmatic deposits of fi nely laminated lapilli-bearing gray ash (fallout and surge deposits) some with contorted bedding and sag structures, are in turn overlain by a 1.2 m thick bed of ash matrix-rich bomb/block deposit. The 1723 eruption was accompanied by shallow volcano-tectonic earthquakes (Modifi ed Mercalli scale Intensity MMI VI-VII, magnitude ML ~5.5) that possibly facilitated magma/water interaction. Phenocrysts in the basaltic andesite (~53-55 wt.% SiO2) bombs comprise plagioclase (6.1-21.6 vol.%, An52-35), clinopyroxene (2.5-10 vol.%), orthopyroxene (0.7-2 vol.%), olivine (0.1-2.2 vol.%; Fo76-88) and Fe/Ti-oxides (0.1-1%), in a groundmass (66.5-90.3 vol. %), dominated by plagioclase (An69-54), clinopyroxene and opaques in brown and black glass with the same range of chemical composition (SiO2= 57-64 wt.%). Rare white pumiceous lapilli in the scoria deposits are high-K, hornblende andesite (SiO2: 58-60 wt.%), geochemically unrelated to the scoria deposits. Thus, two different magmas co-existing in the magma chamber were mingled shortly before, and during, the eruption, suggesting that the eruption was triggered by magma mingling between hornblende andesite and basaltic andesite magma

Configuration Space for Random Walk Dynamics

Applied to statistical physics models, the random cost algorithm enforces a Random Walk (RW) in energy (or possibly other thermodynamic quantities). The dynamics of this procedure is distinct from fixed weight updates. The probability for a configuration to be sampled depends on a number of unusual quantities, which are explained in this paper. This has been overlooked in recent literature, where the method is advertised for the calculation of canonical expectation values. We illustrate these points for the $2d$ Ising model. In addition, we proof a previously conjectured equation which relates microcanonical expectation values to the spectral density.Comment: Various minor changes, appendix added, Fig. 2 droppe

Yang-Lee zeros and the helix-coil transition in a continuum model of polyalanine

We calculate the Yang-Lee zeros for characteristic temperatures of the helix-coil transition in a continuum model of polyalanine. The distribution of these zeros differs from predictions of the Zimm-Bragg theory and supports recent claims that polyalanine exhibits a true phase transition. New estimates for critical exponents are presented and the relation of our results to the Lee-Yang theorem is discussed.Comment: 15 pages and 5 figure

Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Folding of a Small Peptide

We study the thermodynamics and kinetics of folding for a small peptide. Our data rely on Monte Carlo simulations where the interactions among all atoms are taken into account. Monte Carlo kinetics is used to study folding of the peptide at suitable temperatures. The results of these canonical simulations are compared with that of a generalized-ensemble simulation. Our work demonstrates that concepts of folding which were developed in the past for minimalist models hold also for this peptide when simulated with an all-atom force field