Tripartite symbioses regulate plant–soil feedback in alder

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the National Trust for Scotland for access to the Crathes Estate. This work was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (ref NE/M015653/1) and a Ramon Areces Fellowship to A.A. D.J. receives partial funding from the N8 AgriFood programme. We thank Filipa Cox for a critical read of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETERNAK DESA BINAAN FAPET UNDANA MELALUI DIVERSIVIKASI PEMELIHARAAN TERNAK PUYUH

Abstrak Masyarakat desa binaan Fapet Undana (Desa Oelatsala) mempunyai usaha utama penggemukan sapi. Pemeliharan ternak besar ini dengan pola peternak membutuhkan waktu  paling cepat 8 – 12 bulan untuk mendapatkan uang tunai, oleh karena itu perlu adanya usaha ternak lain atau diversivikasi usaha misalnya ternak puyuh agar dapat menopang kebutuhan keluarga peternak dalam jangka waktu yang lebih pendek. Tujuan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan ketrampilan masyarakat desa binaan dalam memelihara ternak puyuh dan ayam KUB. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan mengikuti tahapan  yang terdiri dari  kegiatan pelatihan yang terdiri dari penyampaian materi dan praktek, penyerahan saprodi, pendampingan, monitoring dan evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peserta latih mempunyai peluang usaha ternak puyuh  yang menarik dapat dikerjakan karena pakannya bisa diramu dengan penambahan bahan pakan local yang tersedia disekitar mereka,  tidak membutuhkan lahan yang luas dan mereka membutuhkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan terkait manajemen pemeliharaan puyuh. Seluruh peserta dengan semangat berdiskusi selama penyampaian materi dan mengikuti kegiatan praktek menyusun ransum puyuh, meramu ransum puyuh, dan diikuti dengan kegiatan membuat kendang puyuh skala 25-30 ekor. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi produksi telur diperoleh pada hari ke 46 sebanyak 38 butir (42%), adanya respon positif dari warga sekitar dengan melakukan perkunjungan dengan keinginan tahuan yang tinggi tentang beternak puyuh ini.     Abstract The village community assisted by Fapet Undana (Oelatsala Village) has the main business of fattening cattle. Raising large livestock according to a farmer pattern takes at least 8 – 12 months to get cash money; therefore it is necessary to have other livestock businesses or business diversification such as quail livestock in order to support the needs of the farmer's family in a shorter period of time. The purpose of the training is to improve the knowledge and skills of the assisted village communities in raising quail and KUB chickens. This activity is carried out by following stages consisting of training activities, giving of material and practice, delivery of livestock production facilities, accompaniment, monitoring and evaluation. The results of this activity showed that the trainees have an interesting quail business opportunity that can be done because the feed can be mixed with the addition of local feed ingredients available around them, it does not require a large area of ​​land and they need knowledge and skills related to quail rearing management. All participants enthusiastically discussed during the delivery of the material and participated in practical activities of formulate quail rations, mix quail rations, and followed by make a quail cage with a capacity of 25-30 tails. The results of monitoring and evaluation of egg production were obtained on day 46 as many as 38 eggs (42%), there was a positive response from local residents by visiting with a high desire to know about rising this quail

Quality Assessment of Dried Blood Spots from Tuberculosis Patients from Four Countries

BACKGROUND: Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a blood collection tool that uses a finger prick to obtain a blood drop on a DBS card. It can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring, a method that uses blood drug concentrations to optimize individual treatment. DBS sampling is believed to be a simpler way of blood collection compared with venous sampling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of DBSs from patients with tuberculosis all around the world based on quality indicators in a structured assessment procedure. METHODS: Total 464 DBS cards were obtained from 4 countries: Bangladesh, Belarus, Indonesia, and Paraguay. The quality of the DBS cards was assessed using a checklist consisting of 19 questions divided into 4 categories: the integrity of the DBS materials, appropriate drying time, blood volume, and blood spot collection. RESULTS: After examination, 859 of 1856 (46%) blood spots did not comply with present quality criteria. In 625 cases (34%), this was due to incorrect blood spot collection. The DBS cards from Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Paraguay seemed to be affected by air humidity, causing the blood spots not to dry appropriately. CONCLUSIONS: New tools to help obtain blood spots of sufficient quality are necessary and environmental specific recommendations to determine plasma concentration correctly. In addition, 3% of the DBS cards were rejected because the integrity of the materials suggesting that the quality of plastic ziplock bags currently used to protect the DBS cards against contamination and humidity may not be sufficient

Similarity Check: Quality Assessment of Dried Blood Spots from Patients With Tuberculosis from 4 Countries

Background: Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a blood collection tool that uses a finger prick to obtain a blood drop on a DBS card. It can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring, a method that uses blood drug concentrations to optimize individual treatment. DBS sampling is believed to be a simpler way of blood collection compared with venous sampling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of DBSs from patients with tuberculosis all around the world based on quality indicators in a structured assessment procedure. Methods: Total 464 DBS cards were obtained from 4 countries: Bangladesh, Belarus, Indonesia, and Paraguay. The quality of the DBS cards was assessed using a checklist consisting of 19 questions divided into 4 categories: the integrity of the DBS materials, appropriate drying time, blood volume, and blood spot collection. Results: After examination, 859 of 1856 (46%) blood spots did not comply with present quality criteria. In 625 cases (34%), this was due to incorrect blood spot collection. The DBS cards from Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Paraguay seemed to be affected by air humidity, causing the blood spots not to dry appropriately. Conclusions: New tools to help obtain blood spots of sufficient quality are necessary and environmental specific recommendations to determine plasma concentration correctly. In addition, 3% of the DBS cards were rejected because the integrity of the materials suggesting that the quality of plastic ziplock bags currently used to protect the DBS cards against contamination and humidity may not be sufficient. Key Words: DBS, TB, quality, TDM, plasma concentration

The Impact of Motherhood on Women’s Career Progression: A Scoping Review of Evidence-Based Interventions

(1) Background: Despite the progress made by women in the workplace, mothers still face systemic barriers that prevent them from advancing professionally. This “motherhood penalty” involves a variety of discriminatory practices and experiences that mothers can face at work, including being held to stricter standards regarding salary and recruitment. Despite ongoing research on the association between motherhood and career outcomes, few studies specifically explore how motherhood impacts career advancement and, consequently, access to leadership. This scoping review seeks to gain an understanding of how motherhood impacts women’s career progression, and how interventions can address the underrepresentation of mothers in leadership. (2) Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR framework, we analyzed 52 articles from 2010 to 2022, drawn from 10 databases. (3) Results: The results showed both negative and positive impacts of motherhood on career progression, affecting mothers’ attitudes, feelings, and behaviors and yielding changes in interpersonal relationships and work conditions. Intersectionality is highlighted, urging a nuanced examination of challenges faced by mothers from a diversity of backgrounds. Recommendations for interventions include individual and institutional efforts, comprising societal support structures, organizational policy changes, and cultural shifts. (4) Conclusions: This scoping review offers an updated perspective on a classic challenge, providing practical insights for a more inclusive and structural understanding of the career trajectories of working mothers

Closing the Loop in Adults, Children and Adolescents With Suboptimally Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Under Free Living Conditions:A Psychosocial Substudy

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to explore psychosocial experiences of closed loop technology for adults, children, and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents taking part in two multicenter, free-living, randomized crossover home studies.METHODS: Participants using insulin pump therapy were randomized to either 12 weeks of automated closed-loop glucose control, then 12 weeks of sensor augmented insulin pump therapy (open loop), or vice versa. Closed loop was used for 24 hours by adults and overnight only by children and adolescents. Participants completed the Diabetes Technology Questionnaire (DTQ) periodically and shared their views in semistructured interviews. This analysis characterizes the impact of the technology, positive and negative aspects of living with the device, alongside participants' expectations, hopes, and anxieties.RESULTS: Participants were 32 adults, age 38.6 ± 9.6 years, 55% male, and 26 children, mean age 12 years (range 6-18 years), 54% male. DTQ results indicated moderately favorable impact of, and satisfaction with, both open and closed loop interventions, but little evidence of a comparative advantage of either. Key positive themes included perceived improved blood glucose control, improved general well-being, particularly on waking, improved sleep, reduced burden of diabetes, and visibility of data. Key negative themes included having to carry around the equipment and dislike of the pump and second cannula (ie, sensor) inserted.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, participants reported a positive experience of the closed loop technology. Results are consistent with previous research with size of equipment continuing to be a problem. Progress is being made in the usability of the closed-loop system.</p