Dehydration Reduces Posterior Leg and Trunk Flexibility and Increases Stiffness in Male Collegiate Age Runners

Dehydration reduces flexibility and increases stiffness in male collegiate age runners. Dehydration has been shown to negatively affect collagen in vitro; however the literature lacks works exploring the in vivo effects of dehydration on collagenous tissue. This study addresses this gap in the literature, by exploring the effects of dehydration on the muscles and connective tissues of the posterior leg. It was hypothesized that when dehydrated, the collagen within these tissues would become stiffer, decreasing flexibility and increasing stiffness. A cross-over cohort design was conducted to evaluate nineteen male collegiate runners. Each subject attended three sessions: baseline, dehydration and euhydration. The order of testing was randomly assigned and the PI was blinded throughout. Mean sit and reach (MSnR), mean terminal straight leg raise (MTSLR) and mean posterior leg stiffness (MPLS) scores for each testing condition were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. Dehydrated, subjects demonstrated statistically significant decreases in MSnR scores, p\u3c0.001, d=0.469 (MSnR dehydrated 26.83 ± 7.53 cm and MSnR euhydrated 30.36 ± 7.53 cm) and MTSLR, p\u3c0.001, d=1.068 (MTSLR dehydrated 51.38 ± 9.39 and MTSLR euhydrated 60.58 ± 7.74), with a concurrent increase in MPLS, p=0.005, d=1.023 (MPLS dehydrated 0.899 ± 0.357 and MPLS euhydrated 0.508 ± 0.409), as compared to when they were euhydrated. The large effect size for MPLS and MTSLR and moderate for MSnR indicates that when dehydrated subjects became stiffer and has less flexibility as compared to when they are euhydrated. These changes may impede performance and increase the risk of injury in dehydrated individuals

Surgical site infection after caesarean section. Space for post-discharge surveillance improvements and reliable comparisons

Surgical site infections (SSI) after caesarean section (CS) represent a substantial health system concern. Surveying SSI has been associated with a reduction in SSI incidence. We report the findings of three (2008, 2011 and 2013) regional active SSI surveillances after CS in community hospital of the Latium region determining the incidence of SSI. Each CS was surveyed for SSI occurrence by trained staff up to 30 post-operative days, and association of SSI with relevant characteristics was assessed using binomial logistic regression. A total of 3,685 CS were included in the study. A complete 30 day post-operation follow-up was achieved in over 94% of procedures. Overall 145 SSI were observed (3.9% cumulative incidence) of which 131 (90.3%) were superficial and 14 (9.7%) complex (deep or organ/space) SSI; overall 129 SSI (of which 89.9% superficial) were diagnosed post-discharge. Only higher NNIS score was significantly associated with SSI occurrence in the regression analysis. Our work provides the first regional data on CS-associated SSI incidence, highlighting the need for a post-discharge surveillance which should assure 30 days post-operation to not miss data on complex SSI, as well as being less labour intensive

An Evaluation of the 2014 Gateway Cities English Language Learner Enrichment Academies

The purpose of the Gateway Cities English Language Learner Enrichment Academies was to support English language fluency and comprehension of middle and high school ELLs through summer programming. Twenty Gateway Cities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts implemented four-week summer academies serving a total of 1679 middle and high school English language learners in 2014. This mixed-methods evaluation documents the program design, conditions, and outcomes of these academies. In this report, we share how the participants of these programs were the most vulnerable ELLs in terms of English proficiency and ELA and Math content knowledge when compared to their peers in their home districts and the state. However, we found that all academies posted gains in their students\u27 English proficiency as measured by their own pre- and post-tests. These assessment analyses, integrated with our qualitative findings from six academies about how the summer academies created successful learning environments for ELLs, lead to recommendations for how the state could potentially serve additional ELLs even more effectively through future summer academies

An Evaluation of the 2014 Gateway Cities English Language Learner Enrichment Academies

The purpose of the Gateway Cities English Language Learner Enrichment Academies was to support English language fluency and comprehension of middle and high school ELLs through summer programming. Twenty Gateway Cities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts implemented four-week summer academies serving a total of 1679 middle and high school English language learners in 2014. This mixed-methods evaluation documents the program design, conditions, and outcomes of these academies. In this report, we share how the participants of these programs were the most vulnerable ELLs in terms of English proficiency and ELA and Math content knowledge when compared to their peers in their home districts and the state. However, we found that all academies posted gains in their students\u27 English proficiency as measured by their own pre- and post-tests. These assessment analyses, integrated with our qualitative findings from six academies about how the summer academies created successful learning environments for ELLs, lead to recommendations for how the state could potentially serve additional ELLs even more effectively through future summer academies

The One Who Sows Bountifully Essays in Honor of Stanley K. Stowers

Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Preface -- Selected Publications of Stanley K. Stowers -- Part I: Theory and History of Interpretation -- Reassessing "Religious Practices" -- Fixed Texts, Sociohistorical Contexts, and Hermeneutical Implications -- The Rehabilitation of Paul in Jewish Tradition -- Daily Devotions -- "Normally Non-Observable" -- Theorizing Circumstantially Dependent Rites In and Out of War Contexts -- The Beginning of Historical Research on Jesus in the Modern Age -- Toward a Typology of Religious Experts in the Ancient Mediterranean -- Part II: Israelite Religion and Ancient Judaism -- Revising a Myth -- "Sin Offering": A Reconsideration -- Biblical Beauty -- Artifact Burial in the Ancient Near East -- Home Is Where the Hearth Is? -- Jew or Judaean? -- Vandals or Pilgrims? -- Beyond Apocalyptic Dualism -- Part III: Greco-Roman World -- Wine and Spirits -- The Moralizing of Discourse in Greco-Roman Associations -- When Size Matters -- Tailoring Rhetoric -- "Thus the Sage constantly reminds himself" -- Part IV: Early Christianity -- Blessed Are the Solitary -- Redescribing the Religion of Hebrews -- Philosophy and Ideology in John 9-10 -- Christians Who Sacrifice and Those Who Do Not? -- Peter's Daughter-Daddy Dearest? -- History Writing, Paul's "Opponents," and 1 Corinthians 4:8 -- The Sounds of Silence -- Index of Ancient SourcesDescription based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries