Reservation Wages of First and Second Generation Migrants

This paper analyzes the reservation wages of first and second generation migrants. Based on recently collected and rich survey data of a representative inflow sample into unemployment in Germany, we empirically test the hypothesis that reservation wages increase from first to second generation migrants. Two extensions of the basic job search model, namely an unknown wage offer distribution and different reference standards, provide theoretical justifications for this conjecture. In both extensions, changing frames of reference are identified as a channel through which the phenomenon of increasing reservation wages may arise. In as far as language skills or self-evaluated returns to characteristics reflect a person's frames of reference, we find empirical support for this mechanism to be present.Migration, Ethnic Identity, Ethnosizer, Germany, Unemployment, Job Search, Reservation Wages

Reservation Wages of First and Second Generation Migrants

This paper analyzes the reservation wages of first and second generation migrants. Based on recently collected and rich survey data of a representative inflow sample into unemployment in Germany, we empirically test the hypothesis that reservation wages increase from first to second generation migrants. Two extensions of the basic job search model, namely an unknown wage offer distribution and different reference standards, provide theoretical justifications for this conjecture. In both extensions, changing frames of reference are identified as a channel through which the phenomenon of increasing reservation wages may arise. In as far as language skills or self-evaluated returns to characteristics reflect a person's frames of reference, we find empirical support for this mechanism to be present.migration, ethnic identity, ethnosizer, Germany, unemployment, job search, reservation wages

Economic Preferences and Attitudes of the Unemployed: Are Natives and Second Generation Migrants Alike?

In this paper we study the economic effects of risk attitudes, time preferences, trust and reciprocity while we compare natives and second generation migrants. We analyze an inflow sample into unemployment in Germany, and find differences between the two groups mainly in terms of risk attitudes and positive reciprocity. Second generation migrants have a significantly higher willingness to take risks and they are less likely to have a low amount of positive reciprocity when compared to natives. We also find that these differences matter in terms of economic outcomes, and more specifically in terms of the employment probability about two months after unemployment entry. We observe a significantly lower employment probability for individuals with a high willingness to take risks. Some evidence suggests that this result is channeled through reservation wages and search intensity.Unemployment, Migration, Personality Traits, Risk Attitudes, Time Preferences, Trust, Reciprocity

Economic Preferences and Attitudes of the Unemployed: Are Natives and Second Generation Migrants Alike?

In this paper we study the economic effects of risk attitudes, time preferences, trust and reciprocity while we compare natives and second generation migrants. We analyze an inflow sample into unemployment in Germany, and find differences between the two groups mainly in terms of risk attitudes and positive reciprocity. Second generation migrants have a significantly higher willingness to take risks and they are less likely to have a low amount of positive reciprocity when compared to natives. We also find that these differences matter in terms of economic outcomes, and more specifically in terms of the employment probability about two months after unemployment entry. We observe a significantly lower employment probability for individuals with a high willingness to take risks. Some evidence suggests that this result is channeled through reservation wages and search intensity.unemployment, migration, personality traits, risk attitudes, time preferences, trust, reciprocity

Towards autonomous distributed coordination of fast power flow controllers

The liberalization of the power market, an overall increase in power demand and the integration of high capacity unpredictable renewable resources (e.g. wind power) pose a challenge to transmission network operators that have to guarantee a stable and efficient operating of the grid. A way to improve the stability and efficiency of the existing network – aside from expensive reconstruction – is the integration of fast power flow controllers in order to dynamically redirect power flows away from critically loaded resources that may be threatened by an overload. In this paper we outline our current work in progress on developing a multi-agent model that allows for an autonomous distributed coordination of fast power flow controllers without the need for global information

Pion photoproduction off the proton in a gauge-invariant chiral unitary framework

We investigate pion photoproduction off the proton in a manifestly gauge-invariant chiral unitary extension of chiral perturbation theory. In a first step, we consider meson-baryon scattering taking into account all next-to-leading order contact interactions. The resulting low-energy constants are determined by a fit to s-wave pion-nucleon scattering and the low-energy data for the reaction pi- p --> eta n. To assess the theoretical uncertainty, we perform two different fit strategies. Having determined the low-energy constants, we then analyse the data on the s-wave multipole amplitudes E0+ of pion and eta photoproduction. These are parameter-free predictions, as the two new low-energy constants are determined by the neutron and proton magnetic moments.Comment: 23 pages, 17 figure

Arbeitssituation und Belastungsempfinden im Kontext der Corona-Pandemie im März 2021: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung von abhängig Beschäftigten; Expertise

Der vorliegende Forschungsbericht stellt die Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung von abhängig Beschäftigten im März 2021 vor. Eine der Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie ist, dass sich die Arbeitssituation für viele Beschäftigte spürbar verändert hat. Vor diesem Hintergrund ermittelt diese Forschungsreihe aktuelle Lagebilder der Arbeitssituation der abhängig Beschäftigten seit Februar 2021. Inhaltliche Schwerpunkte sind die Verbreitung von Homeoffice, die Veränderungen der Arbeitssituation durch die Corona-Arbeitsschutzverordnung, Corona-Testangebote im Arbeitskontext, das von den Beschäftigten empfundene Ansteckungsrisiko am Arbeitsplatz sowie ihr allgemeines Belastungsempfinden.This report provides an up-to-date picture of the work situation of dependent employees under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021. The current study continues a comparable cross-sectional study of the work situation in February 2021. Results focus on the prevalence of working from home, changes in the work situation due to the SARS-CoV-2 Occupational Health and Safety Ordinance, the provision of COVID-19 tests by employers, the risk of infection at the workplace as perceived by employees, and their general perception of stress. An additional focus is on the situation of families with children, for whom particular burdens and conflicts may arise between work and family obligations as a result of COVID-19 protection measures

Baryon magnetic moments in chiral perturbation theory

We consider the chiral expansion of the octet baryon magnetic moments in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory including all terms which are of order $q^4$. These terms are formally of quadratic order in the quark masses. We show that despite the large non-analytic quark mass corrections to the Coleman-Glashow relations at order $q^3$, including all analytic and non-analytic corrections at order $q^4$, which in total are of moderate size, allows for a fit to the measured magnetic moments due to the appearance of counter terms with free coupling constants of natural size. In this scheme, the $\Lambda \Sigma^0$ transition moment is predicted to be $\mu_{\Lambda \Sigma^0} = (1.42 \pm 0.01) \mu_N$.Comment: 20 pp, LaTeX file, 2 figures (uses epsf), corrected versio

Arbeitssituation und Belastungsempfinden im Kontext der Corona-Pandemie im September 2021: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung von abhängig Beschäftigten

Diese Expertise ermittelt ein aktuelles repräsentatives Lagebild zur Arbeitssituation der abhängig Beschäftigten in Deutschland unter den Bedingungen der Corona-Pandemie im September 2021. Die aktuelle Untersuchung führt vergleichbare Querschnittserhebungen zur Arbeitssituation fort, die seit Februar 2021 durchgeführt wurden. Inhaltliche Schwerpunkte sind die Verbreitung von Homeoffice, Fortschritt der Corona-Schutzimpfungen bei den Beschäftigten, die Verbreitung von Corona-Tests und deren Nutzung, Arbeitsschutzmaßnahmen und deren Perspektive (auch vor dem Hintergrund des Impffortschritts), das von den Beschäftigten empfundene Ansteckungsrisiko am Arbeitsplatz und ihr allgemeines Belastungsempfinden, sowie ein Vergleich ihres aktuellen Arbeitsalltags mit der Situation vor dem Ausbruch der Corona-Pandemie.This report provides an up-to-date representative picture of the working situation of dependent employees in Germany under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021. The current study continues comparable cross-sectional surveys on the working situation that have been conducted since February 2021. Results focus on the prevalence of working from home, the work environment at home, new workplace concepts, the progress of COVID-19 vaccinations among employees, the prevalence and use of COVID-19 testing, occupational health and safety measures and their prospects (also against the background of vaccination progress), the risk of infection at the workplace as perceived by employees and their general perception of stress, as well as a comparison of their current working situation with the situation before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic

Arbeitssituation und Belastungsempfinden im Kontext der Corona-Pandemie: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung von abhängig Beschäftigten im Februar 2021; Expertise

Der vorliegende Forschungsbericht stellt die Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Sonderbefragung von abhängig Beschäftigten im Februar vor. Eine der Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie ist, dass sich die Arbeitssituation für viele Beschäftigte spürbar verändert hat. Vor diesem Hintergrund ermittelt diese Forschungsreihe aktuelle Lagebilder der Arbeitssituation der abhängig Beschäftigten in den nächsten Monaten. Inhaltliche Schwerpunkte sind die Verbreitung von Homeoffice, die Veränderungen der Arbeitssituation durch die Corona-Arbeitsschutzverordnung, Corona-Testangebote im Arbeitskontext, das von den Beschäftigten empfundene Ansteckungsrisiko am Arbeitsplatz sowie ihr allgemeines Belastungsempfinden.One of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is that working conditions changed noticeably for many employees. Such changes are well documented for the period of the first wave during the pandemic, as scientifically-based surveys were initiated and implemented at short notice during the initial phase of the health crisis. However, over the course of 2020, these initiatives have mostly not been systematically continued or have been discontinued, leaving little robust data on the evolution of working conditions over the course of the ongoing second wave of the pandemic. Against this backdrop, this report provides an up-to-date picture of the working situation of dependent employees in February 2021. For this purpose, representative cross-sectional data were collected and analyzed. Results focus on the incidence of and experience with working from home, changes in working conditions due to the SARS-CoV-2 Occupational Health and Safety Ordinance, which came into force at the end of January 2021, the risk situation at the workplace as perceived by employees, and their general perception of stress