The knowledge and information in the connectivism theory

On the context of technological development and society organized on network, appears the learning theory for the digital age, the connectivism. It is about of a Siemens and Downes proposed, in 2004, that highlights the knowledge as result of established connections on the networks, what allows the capacity of reflection, deciding and sharing. In this context, it objectifies with this article searching the theoretical panorama of thematic about connectivism and its relation with knowledge and information. There is a search of quality approach and of exploratory nature that comes out of a Systematic Review of Literature adapted of Cochran Center. As result, it was observed that, on the searched basis, the number of publications in the period of 2011 to 2017 had the balance in total occurrences compared to the types of documents, events articles and periodicals, with a higher incidence of publication in 2015. For the paucity of thematic it was observed that has discussions about what refers the legitimacy of a theory for the connectivism

Estimating sex by analyzing linear measurements of Brazilians’s dry skulls

Brazilian forensic physical anthropology has developed substantially in recent years, thus, new regression models are being obtained and models proposed by international researchers are being validated, both in a national sample. This search is greatly significant for national forensic anthropology, due to our unique ancestral constitution, allowing for a gain in efficiency and reliability in the process of human identification. We sought to evaluate 12 linear measures, aiming to verify the existence of sexual dimorphism, as well as the possibility of developing a regression model to estimate sex. The researcher was properly trained and calibrated (ICC=0.95). After this stage, the data measured in 186 skulls (105 males and 81 females, with ages ranging from 18 to 80 years old, were analyzed. To perform the linear measurements, straight and curved digital calipers, duly calibrated, were used. According to the statistical analysis, all measurements performed are dimorphic. It was possible to build a logistic regression model for sex estimation. Notably, a sensitivity of 81.7% and specificity of 79.2% were found, with an accuracy of 80.65%. It was found that the logistic regression model obtained can be used as an auxiliary method in estimating sex in Brazilians

Sexual dimorphism of viscerocranium-A logistic model

Introduction: Sex estimates are generally based on the evaluation of qualitative and quantitative aspects of anatomic structures, however, the latter has better reproducibility and reliability. Objective: Aiming to evaluate the viscerocranium as a tool for sexual prediction and verify the possibility of creation of a logistic regression model for sexual prediction. Materials and Methods: 167 craniums - 100 male and 67 female between 22 and 85 years old from a Brazilian university´s Biobank - were evaluated. Results: It was observed that of the measures carried out were presented as sexually dimorphic, except for the measures of the right frontozygomatic point – right zygion; left frontozygomatic point – left zygion. Besides, it was possible to create a logistic regression model Sex = [logits/Sex = -24.5 + (0.20 * Nasion - Naso spine) + (0.18 * Right zygion - Naso spine)]. Conclusion: It was concluded that the measures of the viscerocranium present themselves as a factor of sexual dimorphism and the quantitative method developed was 81.4% accurate

Swimbladder abnormalities in piapara (Leporinus obtusidens) captured downstream of the Funil Dam

Fish damage in hydroelectric stations has been extensively reported, but further investigations focusing on Brazilian migratory species, especially large fish, are needed. The present study describes swimbladder abnormalities in piapara Leporinus obtusidens, a migratory physoclistous species, collected downstream from the Funil Hydroelectric station dam, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The 117 specimens collected were dissected for swimbladder evaluation in the coelomic cavity. The abnormalities detected in 14 of the fish (12%) were swimbladder rupture with exteriorization (N = 12) and formation of sac-like projections (N = 2). The specimens that had swimbladder abnormalities weighed over 1300 g for both sexes. These abnormalities may be caused by bladder infections, however, inflammation process were not detected in these fish. The presence of anomalies in swimbladder suggests that the individuals were subjected to sudden depressurization, possibly related to passage through the turbines. Further comparative studies are needed to corroborate this hypothesis

Sex estimation in brazilian sample: qualitative or quantitative methodology?

is study carried out cranial measurements (in mm) [Zygion-Zygion (Zy-Zy); Zygion-Glabella-right side (Zy-Ga-right); Zygion-Glabella-left side (Zy-Ga-left); Zygion-Glabella-mean (Zy-Ga-mean); Rhinion-Anterior Nasal Spine (Rhi-ANS); Nasal Width (Na Wid); Nasion-Anterior Nasal Spine (Na-ANS); Glabella-Anterior Nasal Spine (Ga-ANS); Glabella-Prosthion (Ga-Pr)], to verify whether they are dimorphic. Methods: We used skulls from the Eduardo Daruge Laboratory of Forensic Physical Anthropometry, which did not present growth abnormalities and belonged to the age range of 18 to 100 years. Linear measurements were performed by digital caliper, properly calibrated. Inter and intra-calibrator calibration was performed by obtaining as result the value of 0.98 (considered excellent). Results: We found that all measures carried out are dimorphic, and we were able to create a logistic regression model (logit: Sex = −33.6 + (0.15 × Zy-Zy) + (0.21 × Rhi-ANS) + (0.16 × Na-ANS)) to estimation the sex. Conclusions: We concluded that the developed quantitative method results in 85.2% sensitivity, 76.2% specificity, and 81.1% accuracy, being, therefore, more effective in the prediction of sex than the mere random hit

FATOR DE CONDIÇÃO RELACIONADO A ASPECTOS REPRODUTIVOS DA PIAPARA (Leporinus obtusidens) (Characiformes: Anostomidae) COLETADAS A JUSANTE DA USINA HIDRELÉTRICA DO FUNIL, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL

This study aimed to describe the seasonal variation of condition factor (K) correlated with gonadossomatic (GSI) and hepatossomatic index (HSI) of Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837), collected downstream of the Hidroelectric Power Station of Funil, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to evaluate if these indices can indicate the reproductive period of this species. The animals were captured between September/2006 and August/2007 and grouped seasonally. The length and the weight of 110 individuals were measured to calculate K, the weight of the liver was determined to calculate HSI and the weight of the gonad to calculate GSI. The K of females and malesgrouped and of males alone were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the summer. As for the females alone, no significant variation of the K was observed throughout the year. The values of HSI were significantly greater during the spring and summer for both sexes, whereas the GSI of males and females was superior (p<0.05) in the summer. In the correlation tests, K was not related with the GSI andHSI factors; however, strong correlation between GSI and HSI was found. K is not an index of the reproductive period of Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837), whereas GSI and HIS can be used for indicating reproduction

Sexual dimorphism of mandibular measures from computed tomographies

Objetive: The objective of this study was to analyze mandibular measurements obtained from 225 computed tomography scans of the Osteological and CT Biobanks of Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Universidade Estadual de Campinas, aiming to verify the existence of a relationship between these measures and sexual dimorphism and ancestry. METHODS: We sought to establish a mathematical model capable of estimating sex and ancestry. Of these scans, 126 were male, 94 were female and 5 were unidentified, aged 15 to 100 years, and ancestry known for the skin color phenotype (white, black, brown and yellow). Measurements were made between the following points: right lateral condylion and left lateral condylion; right lateral condylion and pogonion; left lateral condylion and pogonion; mesial border of right mental foramen and mesial border of left mental foramen. The area delimited by the triangle formed by the measurements between right lateral condylion and left lateral condylion was also analyzed; right lateral condylion and pogonion; and left lateral condylion and pogonion. Student t test for homogeneous variances showed that there was statistical difference in the means as a function of sex, except for the area measure, which was not used in the model. RESULTS: It was possible to establish a mathematical model with accuracy of 69.2%. There was no statistical difference in the averages as a function of ancestry. ONCLUSION: It is concluded that the measures investigated help in the process of estimating sex, but were not adequate to estimate ancestry. The proposed methodology should be expanded to other population groups so that it can be improved