The thermoelectric effect on diffusion in the two-dimensional Hubbard model

We study charge and heat transport in the square lattice Hubbard model at strong coupling using the finite-temperature Lanczos method. We construct the diffusion matrix and estimate the effect of thermoelectric terms on the diffusive time evolution. The thermoelectric terms prevent the interpretation of the diffusion in terms of a single time scale. We discuss our results in relation to cold-atom experiments and measurements of heat conductivity based on the measurements of heat diffusion.Comment: 10 page

FACTOR STRUCTURE OF SELECTED MORPHOLOGICAL, MOTOR AND BIOMECHANICAL VARIABLES IN SKI JUMPERS

The purpose of the research study was to establish in a sample of elite Slovene ski jumpers (N 67) a latent structure of referentiality of manifest area of he selected =0 blomechanical, morphological and motor variables. Through factor analysis 6 factors were excluded out of 35 manifest variables in total. In the first factor (55% of total variance) the highest projections were Identified in the basic motor and morphological variables. The second factor was defined by the push-off power variables, in which in terms of scale of factor loading the index of take-off explosive power (0.74) and the related push-off time (0.97) were predominant. In the third factor, the projection of morphological aerodynamic index (0.98) was predominant. The projection of the variabl velocity power index, which was calculated on the basis of the ratio in the first and second parts of ski jumpers' pUSh-Off, was prevalent In the fourth factor. In the fifth factor, the projection of morphological take-off index (0.93) wa predominant. The projection of the age variable (0.95) was prevalent in the last -the sixth factor. The results are interesting primarily because they reflect the specificity in expressing of individual factors, as it is conditioned by ski jumps I.e. their specific movement technique

Spin Seebeck coefficient and spin-thermal diffusion in the two-dimensional Hubbard model

We investigate the spin Seebeck coefficient $S_s$ in the square lattice Hubbard model at high temperatures of relevance to cold-atom measurements. We solve the model with the finite-temperature Lanczos and with the dynamical mean-field theory methods and find they give similar results in the considered regime. $S_s$ exceeds the atomic 'Heikes' estimates and the Kelvin entropic estimates drastically. We analyze the behavior in terms of a mapping onto the problem of a doped attractive model and derive an approximate expression that allows relating the enhancement of $S_s$ to distinct scattering of the spin-majority and the spin-minority excitations. Our analysis reveals the limitations of entropic interpretations of Seebeck coefficient even in the high-temperature regime. Large values of $S_s$ could be observed on optical lattices. We also calculate the full diffusion matrix. We quantify the spin-thermal diffusion, that is, the extent of the mixing between the spin and the thermal diffusion and discuss the results in the context of recent measurements of the spin-diffusion constant in cold atoms.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Die Bewertung der Entwicklung potentieller und Wettkampfleistung der Spitzensportler mittels des “sport-expert” Systems

The aim of this study was to follow a five-year competitive and hypothetically potentially successful performance of a top ski-jumper with the help of the expert decisive “sport-expert” system. In the primary phase of the formation of the expert system a hypothetical model of a competitive (CP) and the so-called reduced potentially (PP) successful performance was developed. The model of a potentially successful performance comprised 17 elementary and 14 derived motor variables, 4 elementary and 3 derived morphological variables and two variables containing special morphological-motor indices. The evaluation of a successful performance based on the previously defined variables was founded on the method of expert decision-making (Chankong, Haimes, 1983). This method is based on decision rules with the help of which we determine the significance of an individual successful performance variable, as well as on the normalisers with which we determine the position of an individual of a defined successful performance variable in the individual quality-defined category. The successful performance of the sportsman was then calculated with the “SPEX” computer program on all models of variables, starting from the most elementary and up to the finally derived hypothetically potential successful performance. The results showed an uninterrupted continuous quality development of a hypothetically potential successful performance (PP) of the young sportsman, who, even at the age of 13, showed a highly successful competitive performance, which in the following 5 years rose to the level where he won the first place in the total count of the ski-jumping World Cup for the 1996/97 season.Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war, die konkrete Wettkampfleistung, sowie die hypothetische potentielle Leistung eines Spitzenschispringers mittels des Expertentscheidungssystems “Sport-Expert” zu bewerten. In der ersten Phase der Expertsystemgestaltung wurde ein hypothetisches Modell der Wettkampfleistung (CP), sowie der sogenannten reduzierten potentiellen Leistung (PP) entwickelt. Das Modell der potentiellen Leistung umfasste 17 Haupt- und 14 abgeleiteten motorischen Variablen, sowie 4 Haupt- und 3 abgeleiteten morphologischen Variablen und zwei Variablen mit speziellen morphologisch-motorischen Indexen. Die Leistungsbewertung aufgrund definierter Variablen beruht auf der Methode der Expertentscheidung (Chankong und Haimes, 1983), d.h. auf den Entscheidungsregeln, mit denen die Signifikanz einzelner Leistungsvariablen festgestellt wird, sowie auf den Normalisierungsmitteln, die den Rang einzelner definierter Leistungsvariablen innerhalb der spezifischen Qualitätskategorie determinieren. Danach wird, mittels des Computerprogrammes “SPEX”, die Leistung des Sportlers nach allen Variablen gerechnet, von den Hauptvariablen aus bis zur abgeleiteten potentiellen Leistung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine ununterbrochene konstante Entwicklung in der Qualität der hypothetischen potentiellen Leistung des jungen Sportlers, der schon im Alter von 13 Jahren eine große, in den folgenden 5 Jahren immer größere Wettkampfleistung zeigte, bis er im Saison 1996/97 die meisten Punkte und damit den ersten Platz im Schispringerweltcup gewonnen hat

VALJANOST DIMENZIJSKE KONFIGURACIJE MODELA REDUCIRANE POTENCIJALNE USPJEŠNOSTI U SKIJAŠKIM SKOKOVIMA

The aim of the study was to establish the validity of the dimensional configuration of the reduced po-tential performance model in ski jumping. Two performance models were prepared (models A and B), dif-fering only in terms of their method of determining the weights (dimensional configuration). Model A in-volves the dependent determination of weights while model B includes the independent determination of weights. The sample consisted of 104 Slovenian ski jumpers from the senior-men’s category, junior-men’s categories from 17 to 18 and from 15 to 16 years of age and three categories of boys from 13 to 14, from 11 to 12 and up to 10 years of age. Validity of the dimensional configuration of the reduced potential perform-ance model in ski jumping is different for the age categories. The tests of correlation between models A and competitive performance revealed that in some categories (senior-men (R = 0.74**) and boys aged up to 14 (R = 0.51**) the models correlated quite highly and even statistically significantly with actual competitive performance, while in others (junior-men aged up to 18 and 16) this correlation was slightly lower. The cor-relation between model B and competitive performance revealed that correlation was statistically significant (R = 0.49**) only by category boys up to 14 years of age.Uvod Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi valjanost dimenzijske konfiguracije modela reducirane potencijalne uspješnosti (RPPM) u skijaškim skokovima. Pripremljena su dva modela uspješnosti (modeli A i B), koji se razlikuju samo po metodi određivanja pondera. Do sada je teorija ekspertnog modeliranja riješila problem dimenzijske konfiguracije baze znanja (težine) stvaranjem međuzavisnosti varijabli. Ta je metoda nazvana metodom zavisnog određivanja težina (A). Ovom metodom težine se određuju na temelju relativnog udjela pojedine varijable, čak i kad su vrijednosti izvedenih kriterija određene. Metoda zavisnog određivanja težina proizlazi iz principa da ukupna suma svih elementarnih varijabli (testova na elementarnoj razini stabla) u danom modelu uspješnosti mora iznositi 100. Bazirano na pretpostavljenoj linearnoj korelaciji između kriterija, težine izvedenih kriterija jednake su ukupnoj sumi težina direktno subordiniranih kriterija. Direktno subordinirani kriteriji mogu biti bazični kriteriji koji proizlaze iz danih izvedenih kriterija, ili sami izvedeni kriteriji koji proizlaze iz drugih izvedenih kriterija – neovisno o njihovoj razini na stablu modela uspješnosti. Novija metoda postavljanja pravila odlučivanja temelji se na principu nezavisnog doprinosa indi-vidualnih, znatno različitih varijabli – metoda nezavisnog određivanja težina (B). U ovoj metodi postavljanja pravila odlučivanja određuje se apsolutni doprinos varijabli rezultatu za potencijalnu uspješnost. Ono što se određuje jest apsolutni doprinos svakog bazičnog kriterija i/ili nezavisne varijable i svakog izvedenoga kriterija rezultatu za potencijalnu uspješnost, tako da se svakoj elementarnoj i izvedenoj varijabli dodjeljuje ponder od 0 do 100. Kod računanja rezultata izvedenih kriterija, u obzir se uzimaju i ponderi koje su dodijelili eksperti. U ovoj metodi nema sumiranih težina. Ekspert daje nezavisne težine za svaki kriterij (testovi ili čvorovi). Dakle, zadržava se princip nezavisnosti u određivanju značajnosti na višim razinama modela uspješnosti. Ovom se metodom može individualno odrediti značajnost svake varijable. Na primjer, varijabla težine 95 ima izrazito veliku značajnost sa stajali-šta uspješnosti sportaša, dok je varijabla težine 15 praktički beznačajna. Metode Ispitanici Uzorak se sastojao od 104 slovenska skijaška skakača iz seniorske kategorije, juniorskih kategorija od 17 do 18 i od 15 do 16 godina te tri kategorije dječaka, od 13 do 14, 11 do 12 te do 10 godina starosti, koji su testirani u listopadu 2000. godine, a nastupali su na slovenskim i međunarodnim natjecanjima u skijaškim skokovima u sezoni 1999./ 2000. Postupak Računalni program SMMS (Sport Measurement Management System) razvijen je na Fakultetu za sport u Ljubljani i korišten za računanje reducirane potencijalne uspješnosti. Korelacija između krajnjeg rezultata (RPPM) i natjecateljske uspješnosti (TU) utvrđena je Pearsonovim koeficijentom korelacije te, u slučaju nelinearnih varijabli, koeficijentom korelacije eta. Rezultati Korelacije između krajnjeg rezultata RPPM i kriterija uspješnosti u natjecateljskim kategorijama kreću se od niskih do srednje visokih. Testovi korelacije između modela A i natjecateljske uspješnosti pokazali su da su u nekim kategorijama (seniorska kategorija i kategorija dječaka dobi do 14 godina) modeli dosta visoko i čak statistički značajno korelirali sa stvarnom natjecateljskom uspješnošću, dok je u drugim kategorijama (juniorska u dobi do 18 i 16 godina) ta korelacija bila nešto niža. Korelacija između modela B i natjecateljske uspješnosti pokazala je statističku značajnost te korelacije samo za kategoriju dječaka do 14 godina. Rasprava i zaključci Korištenje metoda umjetne inteligencije ili, preciznije, ekspertnih sustava, označilo je novi smjer u sistemskom mišljenju pri traženju odgovora na osnovna pitanja iz teorije sportske uspješnosti. Kreiranje baze znanja je zapravo najvažnija faza u oblikovanju modela uspješnosti. Oba modela mjere isti predmet te među njima nema značajnih razlika. Unatoč tome, metoda B obećava više jer omogućuje ekspertu da određenoj varijabli ili setu varijabli dodijeli ponder, težinu neovisno o drugim varijablama. Na taj način, ekspert određuje doprinos svake elementarne i/ili izvedene varijable krajnjem rezultatu (score), bez obzira na prethodnu odluku. Ubuduće, bilo bi uputno reorganizirati stablo modela uspješnosti tako da se osigura da varijable unaprijed ne koreliraju u smislu mjerenih sposobnosti, već da imaju nezavisnu ulogu u modelu uspješnosti. Valjanost dimenzijske konfiguracije modela reducirane potencijalne uspješnosti u skijaškim skokovima različita je za različite kategorije. Jedan od razloga za to mogao bi biti mali broj ispitanika, pri čemu jako odstupanje već samo jednog ili dva natjecatelja može umanjiti krajnju korelaciju. No, rezultati pokazuju da postupak ekspertnog modeliranja u motoričkom i morfološkom području zaslužuje daljnji istraživački interes

Die Bewertung der Entwicklung potentieller und Wettkampfleistung der Spitzensportler mittels des “sport-expert” Systems

The aim of this study was to follow a five-year competitive and hypothetically potentially successful performance of a top ski-jumper with the help of the expert decisive “sport-expert” system. In the primary phase of the formation of the expert system a hypothetical model of a competitive (CP) and the so-called reduced potentially (PP) successful performance was developed. The model of a potentially successful performance comprised 17 elementary and 14 derived motor variables, 4 elementary and 3 derived morphological variables and two variables containing special morphological-motor indices. The evaluation of a successful performance based on the previously defined variables was founded on the method of expert decision-making (Chankong, Haimes, 1983). This method is based on decision rules with the help of which we determine the significance of an individual successful performance variable, as well as on the normalisers with which we determine the position of an individual of a defined successful performance variable in the individual quality-defined category. The successful performance of the sportsman was then calculated with the “SPEX” computer program on all models of variables, starting from the most elementary and up to the finally derived hypothetically potential successful performance. The results showed an uninterrupted continuous quality development of a hypothetically potential successful performance (PP) of the young sportsman, who, even at the age of 13, showed a highly successful competitive performance, which in the following 5 years rose to the level where he won the first place in the total count of the ski-jumping World Cup for the 1996/97 season.Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war, die konkrete Wettkampfleistung, sowie die hypothetische potentielle Leistung eines Spitzenschispringers mittels des Expertentscheidungssystems “Sport-Expert” zu bewerten. In der ersten Phase der Expertsystemgestaltung wurde ein hypothetisches Modell der Wettkampfleistung (CP), sowie der sogenannten reduzierten potentiellen Leistung (PP) entwickelt. Das Modell der potentiellen Leistung umfasste 17 Haupt- und 14 abgeleiteten motorischen Variablen, sowie 4 Haupt- und 3 abgeleiteten morphologischen Variablen und zwei Variablen mit speziellen morphologisch-motorischen Indexen. Die Leistungsbewertung aufgrund definierter Variablen beruht auf der Methode der Expertentscheidung (Chankong und Haimes, 1983), d.h. auf den Entscheidungsregeln, mit denen die Signifikanz einzelner Leistungsvariablen festgestellt wird, sowie auf den Normalisierungsmitteln, die den Rang einzelner definierter Leistungsvariablen innerhalb der spezifischen Qualitätskategorie determinieren. Danach wird, mittels des Computerprogrammes “SPEX”, die Leistung des Sportlers nach allen Variablen gerechnet, von den Hauptvariablen aus bis zur abgeleiteten potentiellen Leistung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine ununterbrochene konstante Entwicklung in der Qualität der hypothetischen potentiellen Leistung des jungen Sportlers, der schon im Alter von 13 Jahren eine große, in den folgenden 5 Jahren immer größere Wettkampfleistung zeigte, bis er im Saison 1996/97 die meisten Punkte und damit den ersten Platz im Schispringerweltcup gewonnen hat

VALJANOST DIMENZIJSKE KONFIGURACIJE MODELA REDUCIRANE POTENCIJALNE USPJEŠNOSTI U SKIJAŠKIM SKOKOVIMA

The aim of the study was to establish the validity of the dimensional configuration of the reduced po-tential performance model in ski jumping. Two performance models were prepared (models A and B), dif-fering only in terms of their method of determining the weights (dimensional configuration). Model A in-volves the dependent determination of weights while model B includes the independent determination of weights. The sample consisted of 104 Slovenian ski jumpers from the senior-men’s category, junior-men’s categories from 17 to 18 and from 15 to 16 years of age and three categories of boys from 13 to 14, from 11 to 12 and up to 10 years of age. Validity of the dimensional configuration of the reduced potential perform-ance model in ski jumping is different for the age categories. The tests of correlation between models A and competitive performance revealed that in some categories (senior-men (R = 0.74**) and boys aged up to 14 (R = 0.51**) the models correlated quite highly and even statistically significantly with actual competitive performance, while in others (junior-men aged up to 18 and 16) this correlation was slightly lower. The cor-relation between model B and competitive performance revealed that correlation was statistically significant (R = 0.49**) only by category boys up to 14 years of age.Uvod Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi valjanost dimenzijske konfiguracije modela reducirane potencijalne uspješnosti (RPPM) u skijaškim skokovima. Pripremljena su dva modela uspješnosti (modeli A i B), koji se razlikuju samo po metodi određivanja pondera. Do sada je teorija ekspertnog modeliranja riješila problem dimenzijske konfiguracije baze znanja (težine) stvaranjem međuzavisnosti varijabli. Ta je metoda nazvana metodom zavisnog određivanja težina (A). Ovom metodom težine se određuju na temelju relativnog udjela pojedine varijable, čak i kad su vrijednosti izvedenih kriterija određene. Metoda zavisnog određivanja težina proizlazi iz principa da ukupna suma svih elementarnih varijabli (testova na elementarnoj razini stabla) u danom modelu uspješnosti mora iznositi 100. Bazirano na pretpostavljenoj linearnoj korelaciji između kriterija, težine izvedenih kriterija jednake su ukupnoj sumi težina direktno subordiniranih kriterija. Direktno subordinirani kriteriji mogu biti bazični kriteriji koji proizlaze iz danih izvedenih kriterija, ili sami izvedeni kriteriji koji proizlaze iz drugih izvedenih kriterija – neovisno o njihovoj razini na stablu modela uspješnosti. Novija metoda postavljanja pravila odlučivanja temelji se na principu nezavisnog doprinosa indi-vidualnih, znatno različitih varijabli – metoda nezavisnog određivanja težina (B). U ovoj metodi postavljanja pravila odlučivanja određuje se apsolutni doprinos varijabli rezultatu za potencijalnu uspješnost. Ono što se određuje jest apsolutni doprinos svakog bazičnog kriterija i/ili nezavisne varijable i svakog izvedenoga kriterija rezultatu za potencijalnu uspješnost, tako da se svakoj elementarnoj i izvedenoj varijabli dodjeljuje ponder od 0 do 100. Kod računanja rezultata izvedenih kriterija, u obzir se uzimaju i ponderi koje su dodijelili eksperti. U ovoj metodi nema sumiranih težina. Ekspert daje nezavisne težine za svaki kriterij (testovi ili čvorovi). Dakle, zadržava se princip nezavisnosti u određivanju značajnosti na višim razinama modela uspješnosti. Ovom se metodom može individualno odrediti značajnost svake varijable. Na primjer, varijabla težine 95 ima izrazito veliku značajnost sa stajali-šta uspješnosti sportaša, dok je varijabla težine 15 praktički beznačajna. Metode Ispitanici Uzorak se sastojao od 104 slovenska skijaška skakača iz seniorske kategorije, juniorskih kategorija od 17 do 18 i od 15 do 16 godina te tri kategorije dječaka, od 13 do 14, 11 do 12 te do 10 godina starosti, koji su testirani u listopadu 2000. godine, a nastupali su na slovenskim i međunarodnim natjecanjima u skijaškim skokovima u sezoni 1999./ 2000. Postupak Računalni program SMMS (Sport Measurement Management System) razvijen je na Fakultetu za sport u Ljubljani i korišten za računanje reducirane potencijalne uspješnosti. Korelacija između krajnjeg rezultata (RPPM) i natjecateljske uspješnosti (TU) utvrđena je Pearsonovim koeficijentom korelacije te, u slučaju nelinearnih varijabli, koeficijentom korelacije eta. Rezultati Korelacije između krajnjeg rezultata RPPM i kriterija uspješnosti u natjecateljskim kategorijama kreću se od niskih do srednje visokih. Testovi korelacije između modela A i natjecateljske uspješnosti pokazali su da su u nekim kategorijama (seniorska kategorija i kategorija dječaka dobi do 14 godina) modeli dosta visoko i čak statistički značajno korelirali sa stvarnom natjecateljskom uspješnošću, dok je u drugim kategorijama (juniorska u dobi do 18 i 16 godina) ta korelacija bila nešto niža. Korelacija između modela B i natjecateljske uspješnosti pokazala je statističku značajnost te korelacije samo za kategoriju dječaka do 14 godina. Rasprava i zaključci Korištenje metoda umjetne inteligencije ili, preciznije, ekspertnih sustava, označilo je novi smjer u sistemskom mišljenju pri traženju odgovora na osnovna pitanja iz teorije sportske uspješnosti. Kreiranje baze znanja je zapravo najvažnija faza u oblikovanju modela uspješnosti. Oba modela mjere isti predmet te među njima nema značajnih razlika. Unatoč tome, metoda B obećava više jer omogućuje ekspertu da određenoj varijabli ili setu varijabli dodijeli ponder, težinu neovisno o drugim varijablama. Na taj način, ekspert određuje doprinos svake elementarne i/ili izvedene varijable krajnjem rezultatu (score), bez obzira na prethodnu odluku. Ubuduće, bilo bi uputno reorganizirati stablo modela uspješnosti tako da se osigura da varijable unaprijed ne koreliraju u smislu mjerenih sposobnosti, već da imaju nezavisnu ulogu u modelu uspješnosti. Valjanost dimenzijske konfiguracije modela reducirane potencijalne uspješnosti u skijaškim skokovima različita je za različite kategorije. Jedan od razloga za to mogao bi biti mali broj ispitanika, pri čemu jako odstupanje već samo jednog ili dva natjecatelja može umanjiti krajnju korelaciju. No, rezultati pokazuju da postupak ekspertnog modeliranja u motoričkom i morfološkom području zaslužuje daljnji istraživački interes

Thermal conductivity and heat diffusion in the two-dimensional Hubbard model

We study the electronic thermal conductivity $\kappa_\textrm{el}$ and the thermal diffusion constant $D_\textrm{Q,el}$ in the square lattice Hubbard model using the finite-temperature Lanczos method. We exploit the Nernst-Einstein relation for thermal transport and interpret the strong non-monotonous temperature dependence of $\kappa_\textrm{el}$ in terms of that of $D_\textrm{Q,el}$ and the electronic specific heat $c_\textrm{el}$. We present also the results for the Heisenberg model on a square lattice and ladder geometries. We study the effects of doping and consider the doped case also with the dynamical mean-field theory. We show that $\kappa_\textrm{el}$ is below the corresponding Mott-Ioffe-Regel value in almost all calculated regimes, while the mean free path is typically above or close to lattice spacing. We discuss the opposite effect of quasi-particle renormalization on charge and heat diffusion constants. We calculate the Lorenz ratio and show that it differs from the Sommerfeld value. We discuss our results in relation to experiments on cuprates. Additionally, we calculate the thermal conductivity of overdoped cuprates within the anisotropic marginal Fermi liquid phenomenological approach.Comment: 8+5 figure

Satisfaction with internal communication in Petrol d. d., Ljubljana - Effect of employee\u27s age, likeability and intensity of monitoring the sources of internal communication

Interno komuniciranje je eden ključnih dejavnikov uspešnosti in učinkovitosti organizacije, saj prispeva k pozitivnim internim odnosom med zaposlenimi, promovira zavedanje priložnosti, opozarja na grožnje znotraj organizacije ter razvija razumevanje prioritet organizacije. Če je interno komuniciranje učinkovito strateško načrtovano in hkrati s tem skladno s krovno strategijo podjetja, lahko spremeni odnos in obnašanje zaposlenih, s čimer ti postanejo bolj odgovorni, zadovoljni in zavzeti za delo. Brez učinkovitega in strateško dovršenega internega komuniciranja zaposleni ne delujejo v skladu s pričakovanji, organizacija pa ne more razviti želenih vrednot in kulture. V magistrski nalogi bo moj glavni cilj raziskati korelacijo med internim komuniciranjem (celoten Petrolov portfelj internega komuniciranja) in všečnostjo posameznih virov komunikacije, intezivnostjo spremljanja le-teh ter starostjo zaposlenih v Petrolu. S pomočjo letne raziskave o zadovoljstvu z internim komuniciranjem bom analiziral zadovoljstvo zaposlenih z vsemi kanali internega komuniciranja, osredotočil pa sem se predvsem na to, kako je to (ne)zadovoljstvo povezano s prej omenjenimi spremenljivkami.Internal communication is one of the key factors for success and effectiveness of the organization, since it contributes to positive internal relations between employees, promotes awareness of opportunities and threats within the organization and develops understanding of the organization\u27s priorities. If internal communication is effectively strategically planned and at the same time consistent with the company\u27s main strategy, it can change the attitude and behavior of employees, making them more responsible, satisfied and committed to work. Without an effective and strategically perfected internal communication, employees do not work in accordance with the expectations, and the organization cannot develop the desired values and culture. In my master\u27s thesis, my main goal will be to investigate the correlation between internal communication (the entire Petrol\u27s internal communication portfolio) and the likeability of individual sources of communication, the intensity of monitoring these and the age of Petrol employees. Using the annual research on satisfaction with internal communication, I analyzed the satisfaction of employees with all the channels of internal communication, focusing primarily on how this (dis)satisfaction is related to the aforementioned variables