Impact of somatic cell count and lameness on the production and composition of ewe's milk

High somatic cell count (SCC) in milk and lameness are two very serious problems on the farms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of lameness, SCC, month and order of entry into the milking parlour on the milk production and its composition. The relationship between lameness and SCC and their impact on the order of entry was also evaluated. The experiment was carried out at the farm, located in northern Slovakia. The farm keeps sheep crossbred of Improved Valachian and Lacaune. Milking was performed two times a day in milking parlor 1x24. Samples of milk were taken once a month by evening milking: May, July. In May, individual milk samples were taken from 214 random sampling ewes with milk yield minimum 300 mL per milking. In July, only from selected ewes in May, the milk samples, milk yield and lameness were recorded. Order of ewes entry into the milking parlour in milking row (one milking row is 24 animals) was recorded in both months. In total 23 milking rows were recorded. Ewes was divided by lameness (non-lame, slightly lame, strong lame), by SCC (A1 = to 2x105 cells, A2 = from 2x105 to 4x105 cells, A3 = from 4x105 to 7x105 cells, A4 = from 7x105 to 10x105 cells, A5 = over 10x105 cells.mL-1) and by the order of entry of ewes into the milking parlour (in first group of ewes were milked in 1-5 rows, second 6-11, third 12-17, fourth 18-23 ones). No effect of lameness was found out on milk yield. Lameness in July affected the order of entry into milking parlour in July as compared with their order of entry recorded in May. The strong lame ewes entered 4.19  ±1.07 milking rows later in July than in May. Only 11.2% and 4.2% of milk samples were found out in a group with SCC >10x105 cells.mL-1 during May and July respectively. In both months, the production of lactose was lower in groups with higher SCC. Ewes entering into the milking parlour earlier had higher SCC as ewes entering into milking parlour later in July but no effect was seen in May. In conclusion the studies under practical conditions deserve continuous research attention to identify risk factors of management affecting lameness and udder health for further improvement of sheep breeding

Pojavnost uzročnika mastitisa u razdoblju suhostaja i nakon teljenja

The aim of the work was to study the occurrence of mastitis pathogens before and after calving in the same dairy cows. The Holstein cows suspicious on subclinical mastitis (positive California Mastitis Test) were sampled at quarter level under practical farm with high level of milk yield (11,278 kg). The cows were treated with antibiotics (Cefquinomum) before drying. In total 84 samples before drying and 107 samples after calving from the same dairy cows were collected. The samples were cultured on blood agar (MkB Test as, Rosina, SR). MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) was used to identify mastitis pathogens. Bacteriologically positive (BP) samples from dairy cows before drying were found in 35% of the milk samples. The most frequent pathogens in BP milk samples were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (77.38%). The most common CNS was Staphylococcus (S.) xylosus (32.14%). S. aureus was detected in 5.95% of BP samples. After calving, we found BP samples in 14.02% of dairy cows. The most common pathogens in milk samples were CNS (10.39%). S. aureus was detected in 0.94% of BP samples. Antibiotic treatment during the drying period clearly reduced the occurrence of CNS and S. aureus in dairy cows at the beginning of lactation.Cilj rada bio je utvrditi pojavu uzročnika mastitisa u vrijeme suhostaja i nakon teljenja. Krave Holštajn pasmine visoke razine proizvodnje mlijeka (11.278 kg) sa sumnjom na prisutnost uzročnika mastitisa (pozitivni Kalifornija mastitis test) u barem jednoj četvrti uključene su u istraživanje. Krave su prije zasušenja tretirane antibiotikom (Cefquinomum). Ukupno je prikupljeno 84 uzoraka mlijeka krava prije zasušenja i 107 uzoraka krava nakon teljenja. Uzorci su kultivirani na krvnom agaru (MkB Test kao Rosina, SR). MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) je korišten za identifikaciju uzročnika mastitisa. Bakteriološki pozitivni uzorci utvrđeni su kod 35 krava prije zasušenja. Najčešći uzročnik mastitisa utvrđen u bakteriološki pozitivnim uzorcima mlijeka krava prije zasušenja je bio koagulaza negativnio stafilokok (CNS) (77,38 %). Najčešće utvrđeni CNS je bio Staphylococcus (S,) xylosus (32,14 %) dok je Staphylococcus aureus izoliran iz 5,95 bakteriološki pozitivnih uzoraka. Nakon teljenja, utvrđeno je 14,02 % bakteriološki pozitivnih uzoraka mlijeka krava. Najčešći patogeni u uzorcima mlijeka bili su CNS (10,39 %). S. aureus je otkriven u 0,94 % bakterioloških uzoraka. Liječenje antibioticima tijekom razdoblja zasušenja jasno je smanjilo pojavu CNS -a i S. aureus kod mliječnih krava na početku laktacije

Pojavnost uzročnika mastitisa u razdoblju suhostaja i nakon teljenja

The aim of the work was to study the occurrence of mastitis pathogens before and after calving in the same dairy cows. The Holstein cows suspicious on subclinical mastitis (positive California Mastitis Test) were sampled at quarter level under practical farm with high level of milk yield (11,278 kg). The cows were treated with antibiotics (Cefquinomum) before drying. In total 84 samples before drying and 107 samples after calving from the same dairy cows were collected. The samples were cultured on blood agar (MkB Test as, Rosina, SR). MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) was used to identify mastitis pathogens. Bacteriologically positive (BP) samples from dairy cows before drying were found in 35% of the milk samples. The most frequent pathogens in BP milk samples were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (77.38%). The most common CNS was Staphylococcus (S.) xylosus (32.14%). S. aureus was detected in 5.95% of BP samples. After calving, we found BP samples in 14.02% of dairy cows. The most common pathogens in milk samples were CNS (10.39%). S. aureus was detected in 0.94% of BP samples. Antibiotic treatment during the drying period clearly reduced the occurrence of CNS and S. aureus in dairy cows at the beginning of lactation.Cilj rada bio je utvrditi pojavu uzročnika mastitisa u vrijeme suhostaja i nakon teljenja. Krave Holštajn pasmine visoke razine proizvodnje mlijeka (11.278 kg) sa sumnjom na prisutnost uzročnika mastitisa (pozitivni Kalifornija mastitis test) u barem jednoj četvrti uključene su u istraživanje. Krave su prije zasušenja tretirane antibiotikom (Cefquinomum). Ukupno je prikupljeno 84 uzoraka mlijeka krava prije zasušenja i 107 uzoraka krava nakon teljenja. Uzorci su kultivirani na krvnom agaru (MkB Test kao Rosina, SR). MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) je korišten za identifikaciju uzročnika mastitisa. Bakteriološki pozitivni uzorci utvrđeni su kod 35 krava prije zasušenja. Najčešći uzročnik mastitisa utvrđen u bakteriološki pozitivnim uzorcima mlijeka krava prije zasušenja je bio koagulaza negativnio stafilokok (CNS) (77,38 %). Najčešće utvrđeni CNS je bio Staphylococcus (S,) xylosus (32,14 %) dok je Staphylococcus aureus izoliran iz 5,95 bakteriološki pozitivnih uzoraka. Nakon teljenja, utvrđeno je 14,02 % bakteriološki pozitivnih uzoraka mlijeka krava. Najčešći patogeni u uzorcima mlijeka bili su CNS (10,39 %). S. aureus je otkriven u 0,94 % bakterioloških uzoraka. Liječenje antibioticima tijekom razdoblja zasušenja jasno je smanjilo pojavu CNS -a i S. aureus kod mliječnih krava na početku laktacije

Effect of season and temperature before and after calving on the future milk production of born heifers

Article Details: Received: 2020-06-30 | Accepted: 2020-10-15 | Available online: 2020-12-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.04.224-229The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of birth season, average maximum temperatures 6 weeks before and after birth of heifers on their first lactation milk yield. In chosen herd, the effect of birth weight, weight gain until weaning on first lactation milk yield was also investigated. Additionally, the effect of the average maximum temperatures before birth, effect of birth season on birth weight were evaluated. The data were collected from the herd “A” in Orava region consisting of Slovak spotted breed (127 records), the herd “B” in Lower Nitra (150 records) and herd “C” in Upper Nitra (116 records) both consisting of black Holstein Friesian cows. Birth season tended to influence the heifers first lactation milk yield in the herd “C” (P 0.66, herd “A”; P >0.59, herd “B”; P >0.38, herd “C”). In the herd “B” there was insignificant effect of prenatal temperatures, birth season on birth weight of heifers (P >0.97; P >0.74). However, the heifers with the highest weight gains until weaning had numerically higher first lactation milk yield (P >0.20).Keywords: dairy calves, temperature, season, milk yield, gestation lengthReferencesCALLINAN P.A. and FEINBERG A. P. (2006). The emerging science of epigenomics. Human Molecular Genetics, 15(1), R95-R101. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddl095COLLIER, R. J. et al. (2006). Use of gene expression microarrays for evaluating environmental stress tolerance at the cellular level in cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 84(13), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.8413_supplE1xDAHL, G. E., TAO, S. and MONTEIRO, A. P. A. (2016). Effects of late-gestation heat stress on immunity and performance of calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(4), 3193–3198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9990DAHL, G. E., TAO, S. and THOMPSON, I. M. (2012). LACTATION BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Effects of photoperiod on mammary gland development and lactation. Journal of Animal Science, 90(3), 755–760. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4630HEINRICHS, A. J. and HEINRICHS, B. S. (2011). A prospective study of calf factors affecting first-lactation and lifetime milk production and age of cows when removed from the herd. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(1), 336–341. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3170KASARDA, R. et al. (2018). Estimation of heritability for claw traits in Holstein cattle using Bayesian and REML approaches. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 19(4), 784–790. https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/19.4.2338LAPORTA, J. et al. (2017). In utero exposure to heat stress during late gestation has prolonged effects on the activity patterns and growth of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11993MIGLIOR, F. et al. (2017). Identification and genetic selection of economically important traits in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(12), 10251–10271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12968MOALLEM, U. et al. (2010). Long-term effects of ad libitum whole milk prior to weaning and prepubertal protein supplementation on skeletal growth rate and first-lactation milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(6), 2639–2650. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-3007MONTEIRO, A. P. A. et al. (2013). Effect of heat stress in utero on calf performance and health through the first lactation. Journal of Animal Science, 91, 184. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9990MONTEIRO, A. P. A. et al. (2014). Effect of heat stress during late gestation on immune function and growth performance of calves: Isolation of altered colostral and calf factors. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(10), 6426–6439. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7891MONTEIRO, A. P. A. et al. (2016a). Effect of maternal heat stress during the dry period on growth and metabolism of calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(5), 3896–3907. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10699MONTEIRO, A. P. A. et al. (2016b). In utero heat stress decreases calf survival and performance through the first lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(10), 8443–8450. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11072OSBORNE, V. R. et al. (2007). Effects of photoperiod and glucose-supplemented drinking water on the performance of  dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(11), 5199–5207. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0402RIUS, G. and DAHL, G. E. (2006). Exposure to Long-Day Photoperiod Prepubertally May Increase Milk Yield in FirstLactation Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(6), 2080–2083. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72277-9SCHAEFFER, L. R. (2006). Strategy for applying genome-wide selection in dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 123, 218–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2006.00595.xSOBERON, F. et al. (2012). Preweaning milk replacer intake and effects on long-term productivity of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(2), 783–793. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4391SOBERON, F. and VAN AMBURGH, M. E. (2013). Lactation Biology Symposium: The effect of nutrient intake from milk or milk replacer of preweaned dairy calves on lactation milk yield as adults: A meta-analysis of current data. Journal of Animal Science, 91(2), 706–712. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5834STRAPÁK, P., JUHÁS, P. and BUJKO, J. (2013). The influence of health status in calves with subsequent growth of heifers and milk production in dairy cows. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 14(3), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/14.3.1326TANČIN, V. et al. (1994). Different nutrition of calves in relation to the levels of thyroid-hormones and some biochemical indexes. Živočíšna výroba, 39(11), 961–971.TANČIN, V., MIKLÁŠ, Š. and MAČUHOVÁ, L. (2018). Possible physiological and environmental factors affecting milk production and udder health of dairy cows: A  review. Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 51(1), pp. 32–40.TAO, S. et al. (2012). Effect of late gestation maternal heat stress on growth and immune function of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(12), 7128–7136. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5697TAO, S. et al. (2018). Symposium review: The influences of heat stress on bovine mammary gland function. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(6), 5642–5654. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13727TAO, S. et al. (2019). Effects of heat stress during late gestation on the dam and its calf. Journal of Animal Science, 97(5), 2245–2257. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz061UHRINČAŤ, M. et al. (2007). The effect of growth intensity of heifers till 15 months of age on their milk production during first lactation. Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 40(2), 83–88.VACULIKOVA, M. and CHLADEK, G. (2015). Air temperature impacts on the behaviour of holstein calves in individual outdoor calf hutches according to age of observed calves. In O.  Polák, R. Cerkal and N. Březinová-Belcredi (Eds.), The Conference MendelNet 2015 (pp. 169–173). Brno: Mendel University in Brno.VAN EETVELDE, M. et al. (2017). Season of birth is associated with first-lactation milk yield in Holstein Friesian cattle. Animal, 11(12), 2252–2259. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117001021VAN EETVELDE, M. and OPSOMER, G. (2017). Innovative look at dairy heifer rearing: Effect of prenatal and postnatal environment on later performance. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 52(3), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13019WIGGANS, G. R. et al. (2017). Genomic Selection in Dairy Cattle: The USDA Experience. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, 5, 309–327. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111422WU, G. F. et al. (2006). Board-Invited Review: Intrauterine growth retardation: Implications for the animal sciences. Journal of Animal Science, 84(9), 2316–2337. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-156YATES, D., GREEN, A. and LIMESAND, S. (2011). Catecholamines mediate multiple fetal adaptations during placental insufficiency that contribute to intrauterine growth restriction: Lessons from hyperthermic sheep. Journal of Pregnancy, Article ID 740408, pp. 1–9. https://doi. org/10.1155/2011/74040

The impact of calving season, dams’ parity on milk yield and gestation length of dairy cows

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-06 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.41-44The purpose of the study was to asses the effect of calving season and dams’ parity on milk yield and gestation length of dairy cows. We examined 93 animals of Slovak spotted breed from the farm located in western Slovakia (Lower Váh region), in years 2014-2017. The herds’ average 305-d milk yield was 8133±1380 kg. The calving season was divided into four categories: spring (March to May), summer (June to August), autumn (September to November) and winter (December to February). The factor of dams parity was divided into 4 groups: 1st parity cows, 2nd-3rd parity cows, 4th and higher parity cows. Calving season affected significantly milk yield of dairy cows (P 0.32). Dams’ parity was not significantly affected by 305-d milk yield (P > 0.22). Nevertheless, the animals on the 4th and higher lactation were numerically more productive (8481±259 kg) compared to the dairy cows on their 1st,2nd-3rd lactation (8123±264 kg; 7884±223 kg; resp.). The dams’ parity significantly affected gestation length (P < 0.02), with the shortest gestation length in 1st parity dams (278±2 days) and the longest gestation in 2nd-3rd parity dams (284±1 days).To sum up, our results suggest significant role of calving season in relation to milk yield and significant effect of dams’ parity on gestation length.Keywords:milk yield, gestation, calving season, parity, dairy cows ReferencesBARASH, H., SILANIKOVE, N. and WELLER, J. (1996). Effect of Season of Birth on Milk, Fat, and Protein Production of Israeli Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science, 79(6), 1016–1020.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76453-6Ceyhan, A., Cinar, M. and Serbester, U. (2015). Milk yield, somatic cell count, and udder measurements in holstein cows at different lactation number and months. Media Peternakan, 38(2), 118–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.118DAHL, G. E. and PETITCLERC, D. (2003). Management of photoperiod in the dairy herd for improved production and health. Journal of Animal Science, 81(3), 11-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.81suppl_311xDAHL, G. E., TAO, S. and MONTEIRO, A. P. A. (2016). Effects of late-gestation heat stress on immunity and performance of calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(4), 3193–3198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9990FROIDMONT, E. et al. (2013). Association between age at first calving, year and season of first calving and milk production in Holstein cows. Animal, 7(4), 665–672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112001577MACIUC, V. 2009. Influence of the calving season on the milk yield given by a friesian population, imported from the Netherlands. Lucrări Ştiinţifice - Seria Zootehnie, 52(1), 340–344.Mellado, M. et al. (2011). Effect of lactation number, year, and season of initiation of lactation on milk yield of cows hormonally induced into lactation and treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(9), 4524–4530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4152Mikláš, Š. et al. (2019a). Association of chosen environmental and animal factorswith gestation length and lactation of dairy cows in two Slovak herds. In Cerkal R. et al. (eds.) MendelNet 2019. Brno : Mendel University in Brno (pp. 153–157). ISBN 978-80-7509-688-3.Mikláš, Š. et al. (2019b). Effect of calving season and temperature at calving on the gestation length. In Tóthová, M. et al. (eds.) Scientific conference of PhD. students of FAFR and FBFS with international participation. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture (p. 20). ISBN 978-80-552-2083-3.Mikláš, Š. et al. (2020). The effect of dams‘ parity on milk yield, birth and weaning weight of their daughters. In Chrenek P. (ed.) Animal biotechnology 2020. Nitra: Slovak Agricultural University (p. 54). ISBN 978-80-552-2145-8NORMAN, H. D. et al. (2009). Genetic and environmental factors that affect gestation length 72 in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(2), 2259-2269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0982RAY, D. E., HALBACH, T. J. and ARMSTRONG, D. V. (1992). Season and Lactation Number Effects on Milk Production and Reproduction of Dairy Cattle In Arizona. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(11), 2976-2983.RIUS, A. G. and DAHL, G. E. (2006). Exposure to long-day photoperiod prepubertally may increase milk yield in first-lactation cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(6), 2080-2083. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72277-9Storli, K. S., Heringstad B. and Salte R. (2014). Effect of dams' parity and age on daughters' milk yield in Norwegian Red cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(10), 6242-6249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8072Tančin, V., Mikláš, Š. and Mačuhová, L. (2018). Possible physiological and environmental factors affecting milk production and udder health of dairy cows: a review. Slovak journal of animal science. 51(1), 32-40.Tao, S. et al. (2019). PHYSIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Effects of heat stress during late gestation on the dam and its calf. Journal of Animal Science, 97(5), 2245–2257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz061TOMASEK, R., REZAC, P. and HAVLICEK, Z. (2017). Environmental and animal factors associated with gestation length in Holstein cows and heifers in two herds in the Czech Republic. Theriogenology, 87(1), 100-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.009WRIGHT, E.C. et al. (2014). Effect of elevated ambient temperature at parturition on duration of gestation, ruminal temperature, and endocrine function of fall-calving beef cows. Journal of Animal Science, 92(10), 4449-4456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-805

The effect of ewes relocation on milk composition and milk flow kinetics

The investigation of an influence of ewes relocation and milking in other parlour (treatment) on milk flow kinetics, milkability and milk composition was the aim of this study. In total 34 ewes of two breeds and crosbreeds Tsigai (14 heads) and Improved Valachian (20 heads) with Lacaune were tested. Two weeks after lamb weaning the ewes were milked in parallel milking parlour (1x16 stalls) under shelter. On the last evening milking (first experimental milking, EB) before relocation of flock to another parlour, and during next three continuous evening milkings (E0 - second, E1 - third and E2 - fourth milking of exp.) after relocation the milk flow kinetics were measured using electronic collection jar. On day E0 after morning milking the flock was moved on a pasture and milked in other parlour (1x24-stalls). During E0 we recorded a significant decrease of total milk yield in comparison with EB (0.527 ±0.04 and 0.647 ±0.04 L). Significant differences were also recorded in machine milk yield, machine stripping, milking time and in maximum milk flow rate. During E0 there was a higher number of nonbimodal and lower numbers of bimodal flow types. The response of ewe to E0 depended on its response to EB. Ewes with bimodal flow at EB responded more negatively to E0 than ewes with nonbimodal or plateau flow. During E2 there were significantly increased protein content and solids not fat in milk. Thus the treatment significantly influenced the milkability of ewes in a negative way, but more clear response was found out in ewes with bimodal flow response to machine milking before treatment. We could assume that relocation to other milking conditions caused only short-term changes in milk flow kinetic and milk yield

Broj somatskih stanica u sirovom ovčjem mlijeku u mljekarskoj praksi: učestalost distribucije i mogući učinak na količinu i sastav mlijeka

The aim of the work was to analyse the somatic cell counts (SCC) of the individual sheep milk samples under practical conditions. Totally 2159 samples were collected from four farms in April, May, June and July. Ewes were divided into five SCC groups on the basis of individual SCC: Low = 1000000 cells.mL-1). The percentage of distribution of individual milk samples in SCC groups was as followed: 71.79 %, 10.24 %, 5.05 %, 4.03 % and 8.89 % respectively. Thus 82.03 % of samples of whole data set were below 400000 cells.mL-1 and only 8.89 % over 1000000 cells.mL-1. Lacaune had a higher percentage of milk samples in the group Mastitis as compared to the other breeds or crossbreds. Factor SCC group reduced the milk yield, while a significant difference was observed in ewes of Mastitis SCC group as compared with ewes in Low SCC group (419±13 mL, 503±6 mL, resp.). The high percentage of ewes in the first two SCC groups significantly contributes to the possible development of limits for sheep milk quality.Cilj rada bio je analizirati broj somatskih stanica (SCC) individualnih uzoraka ovčjeg mlijeka ovaca na farmama. Prikupljeno je ukupno 2159 uzoraka s četiri farme tijekom travnja, svibnja, lipnja i srpnja. Ovce su bile podijeljene u pet SCC skupina na temelju pojedinačnih SCC vrijednosti: niska = 1.000.000 stanica.mL-1). Postotak distribucije pojedinačnih uzoraka mlijeka u SCC skupinama bio je kako slijedi: 71,79 %, 10,24 %, 5,05 %, 4,03 % i 8,89 %. Tako je 82,03 % svih ispitivanih uzoraka sadržavalo manje od 400.000 stanica mL-1, a samo je 8,89 % sadržavalo više od 1.000.000 stanica mL-1. Pasmina Lacaune imala je veći postotak uzoraka mlijeka u skupini “Mastitis” u usporedbi s ostalim pasminama ili križancima. Faktor SCC utjecao je na smanjenje prinosa mlijeka u skupini, dok je značajna razlika zabilježena kod ovaca svrstanih u “Mastitis SCC“ skupinu (419 ±13 mL-1) u usporedbi s ovcama u “Niska SCC“ skupini (503 ± 6 mL). Visok postotak ovaca u prve dvije “SCC skupine” značajno pridonosi mogućem razvoju graničnih vrijednosti broja somatskih stanica za definiranje kvalitete ovčjeg mlijeka

The impact of somatic cell count on milk yield and composition

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-15 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.49-52The aim of this work was to clarify impact of somatic cell count (SCC) on milk yield and its composition. The experiment was realized on one dairy farm with Tsigai breed. Totally 252 milk samples from 84 ewes (on their first and second lactation) were analysed. Milk samples within regular test recording day from the whole udder were collected during lactation in April, June and July. On the basis of SCC the samples were divided into the SCC groups: first <200 × 103  cells.ml-1; second ≥200 <400 × 103  cells.ml-1; third ≥400 <600 × 103 cells.ml-1;  fourth ≥600 <1000 × 103 cells.ml-1; fifth ≥1000 × 103 cells.ml-1 to see the effect of SCC at the level of regular milk recording test day. The same SCC groups were used for distribution of the lactation means of somatic cell score (SCS) for evaluation of the effect of SCC at the level of whole lactation. Total milk yield per lactation was affected SCS per lactation (P=0.0089). In each month of sampling we observed decrease content of lactose at the level of test day (P<0.001) and at the level of lactation (P=0.001) with increase of SCC. The increase content of protein we detected with increase of SCC at the level of test days (P=0.0281) and decline per lactation (P=0.0452). In content of fat we did not find out change in relation with increase of SCC in regular milk recording test days and per lactation also. The analyses suggest that SCC negatively impact on milk yield and milk composition and SCC should be in high attention of dairy practice. Keywords: somatic cell count, milk yield, milk composition ReferencesAlbenzio, M., Caroprese, M., Santillo, A., Marino R., Taili, L. Sevi, A. 2004. 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Somatic cell count in milk of individual lacaune ewes under practical conditions in slovakia: possible effect on milk yield and its composition

The aim of this study was to describe the health status of udder through analysis of somati cell count (SCC) in milk of Lacaune breed. The study was conducted at five Slovak farms. Milk yield recordings and milk samples were taken from March till August by certificated organisation for milk recording, where also milk analysis on SCC was processed. In total 1192 samples were analysed. Milk samples were divided into the five categories on the basis of SCC: SCC &lt;0.2 &times; 106, between 0.2 - 0.4 &times; 106, 0.4 - 0.6 &times; 106, 0.6 - 1 &times; 106 and &gt;106 cells.mL-1. Animals were divided into seven stages of lactation (first: 30-60 days of lactation and then each following 30 days a further group of lactation stage was considered). The Mixed model with Scheffe's analysis as a post hoc test was used. SCC on farm 3 was highest (5.80 &plusmn;0.04 log SCC mL-1) as compared with others farms (p &lt;0.05). Significant effect of farms on milk yield demonstrates different level of farm management. Between farm 1 and 3 the differences in milk yield per milking is more than double. Frequency of distribution of milk samples was 53.36%, 13.93%, 6.29%, 7.21% and 19.21% for different categories respectively. In category &gt;106 cells.mL-1 the highest percentage was on farm 4 (33.57%) and lowest on farm 2 (8.06%) though more representative percentage was on farm 5 (12.05%) due to larger number of animals. The negative effect of high SCC on milk yield was observed in all farms. Data also revealed that main part of individual milk samples had SCC below 0.6&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;106 cells.mL-1 which could be an important argument for future legislative establishment of limits for SCC in ewe's milk.&nbsp; Normal 0 21 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE <!--[endif] --