Эффективность и безопасность биоаналогичного лекарственного препарата Тигераза® (дорназа альфа) при длительной симптоматической терапии пациентов с муковисцидозом: результаты клинического исследования III фазы

The article discusses the results of a phase III clinical trial to compare the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of the biosimilar medicinal product Tigerase® (dornase alpha) (Generium JSC, Russia) and the reference medicinal product Pulmozyme® (F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Switzerland) with the purpose of establishing their comparability for symptomatic treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).Methods. The study included 100 patients aged 18 years and older with a confirmed diagnosis of CF, who were divided into two groups by stratified randomization in a ratio of 1 : 1 based on the initial level of FEV1 (40–60% or > 60–100% from due value). Tigerase® or Pulmozyme® were used in a dose of 2.5 mg daily, once a day in the form of inhalations using a jet nebulizer compressor for 24 weeks.Results and discussion: The analysis of the data regarding the primary efficacy endpoint – changes in FEV1 – showed that in both groups (FAS population (Full analyses set) and PP population (Per protocol)), similar changes in FEV1 were observed. The average value of changes in FEV1 after 24 weeks of treatment compared with the initial level in the FAS population was –1.3% ± 9.8 % (95% CI (–4.1; 1.6)) in Group I (Tigerase®) and –1.9% ± 10.0% (95% CI (–4.7; 1.0)) in Group II (Pulmozyme®). The point estimate for the intergroup difference in changes in FEV1 (Group I – Group II) was 0.6%. The calculated 95% CI for the difference in changes in FEV1 in the FAS population was (–3.3; 4.6%]. In both populations studied, the intergroup difference in changes in FEV1 did not exceed 6%. During long-term treatment of patients with CF, no statistically significant differences were found in terms of efficacy (changes in FEV1 and FVC; number of exacerbations of chronic pulmonary disease and the number of days before its development; change in body weight; quality of life) between medicinal products in both studied populations (FAS and PP).Conciusion. A safety analysis demonstrated the comparability of medicinal products in terms of the incidence of adverse events. The frequency of detection of antibodies to dornase alpha during the study was similar in the treatment groups; the formation of antibodies did not lead to a decrease in the efficacy and safety of therapy.В статье рассматриваются результаты сравнительного клинического исследования III фазы по изучению фармакокинетики, эффективности и безопасности биоаналогичного препарата Тигераза® (дорназа альфа) (АО «Генериум», Россия) и референтного препарата Пульмозим® (Ф.Хоффманн-Ля Рош Лтд., Швейцария) с целью установления их сопоставимости для симптоматической терапии пациентов с муковисцидозом (МВ).Материалы и методы. В исследование включены пациенты (n = 100) в возрасте 18 лет и старше с подтвержденным диагнозом МВ, которые методом стратифицированной рандомизации были распределены на 2 группы в соотношении 1 : 1 по исходному уровню объема форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду (ОФВ1) 40–60 или > 60–100%долж. Указанные препараты применялись в дозе 2,5 мг ежедневно 1 раз в сутки в виде ингаляций с помощью джет-небулайзера-компрессора в течение 24 нед.Результаты. По результатам анализа данных первичной конечной точки эффективности, изменения ОФВ1 показано, что у пациентов обеих групп лечения в популяции полного набора данных для анализа (включая данные всех рандомизированных пациентов) (Full analyses set – FAS) и популяции в соответствии с протоколом (все рандомизированные пациенты, завершившие исследование без нарушений протокола) (Per protocol – PP) наблюдались схожие изменения показателей ОФВ1. Среднее значение изменения показателей ОФВ1 через 24 нед. терапии по сравнению с исходным уровнем в FAS-популяции составило –1,3 ± 9,8% (95%-ный доверительный интервал (ДИ) – (–4,1; 1,6)) в 1-й группе (Тигераза®) и –1,9 ± 10,0% (95%-ный ДИ – (–4,7; 1,0)) – во 2-й (Пульмозим®). Точечная оценка для межгрупповой разности изменения ОФВ1 (1-я – 2-я группы) составила 0,6%. Рассчитанный 95%-ный ДИ для разности изменения ОФВ1 в FAS-популяции составил –3,3; 4,6%. В обеих изучаемых популяциях межгрупповая разность по изменению ОФВ1 не превышала 6%. При длительной терапии пациентов с МВ статистически значимых отличий по показателям эффективности (изменение ОФВ1 и форсированной жизненной емкости легких; число обострений хронического бронхолегочного процесса и число дней до его развития; изменение массы тела; качество жизни пациентов) между указанными препаратами в обеих изучаемых популяциях (FAS и PP) не выявлено. По результатам анализа безопасности продемонстрирована сопоставимость исследуемого или референтного препаратов по частоте развития нежелательных явлений. Частота выявления антител к препарату дорназа альфа в ходе исследования в группах лечения была сходной; образование антител не приводило к снижению эффективности и безопасности терапии.Заключение. На основании результатов проведенного клинического исследования доказано, что препарат Тигераза® (АО «Генериум», Россия) является биологическим аналогом препарата Пульмозим® (Ф.Хоффманн-Ля Рош Лтд., Швейцария)

Autoimmune Hepatitis in a North American Aboriginal/First Nations Population

North American Aboriginal populations are at increased risk for developing immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune hepatitis. In the present study, the demographic, clinical, biochemical, serological, radiological and histological features of autoimmune hepatitis were compared in 33 First Nations (FN) and 150 predominantly Caucasian, non-FN patients referred to an urban tertiary care centre. FN patients were more often female (91% versus 71%; P=0.04), and more likely to have low serum albumin (69% versus 36%; P=0.0006) and elevated bilirubin (57% versus 35%; P=0.01) levels on presentation compared with non-FN patients. They also had lower hemoglobin, and complement levels, more cholestasis and higher serum immunoglobulin A levels than non-FN patients (P=0.05 respectively). Higher histological grades of inflammation and stages of fibrosis, and more clinical and radiological evidence of advanced liver disease were observed in FN patients, but the differences failed to reach statistical significance. The results of the present study suggest that in addition to being more common, autoimmune hepatitis may be more severe in FN populations, compared with predominantly Caucasian, non-FN populations

CABINET OF A HEALTHY CHILD IN THE CONTEXT OF HEALTH CARE REFORM

One of the key tasks of the children’s polyclinic is the prevention of childhood diseases. This issue is devoted to many studies, which  unfortunately suggest a weakening of preventive positions in recent years. Increase level requirements for the provision of primary  health care for children’s population and priority prevention areas leads to the increase of the role of the room of a healthy child, and  necessitates changes in the organization of work and equipping of this unit.  Based on the existing laws and regulations and modern ideas about the key role of a room of healthy child in the preventive work  and maintenance of children’s health, we have developed and submitted proposals on optimization of work of this department  of the children’s clinic

Clinical Outcomes and Quantitative HBV Surface Antigen Levels in Diverse Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Canada: A Retrospective Real-World Study of CHB in Canada (REVEAL-CANADA)

Background: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is associated with improved clinical outcomes for individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, the effects of varying HBsAg levels on clinical outcomes in diverse cohorts are understudied. Methods: In this cross-sectional, multicentre, retrospective study, the data on adult subjects enrolled in the Canadian HBV Network with CHB seen from 1 January 2012 to 30 January 2021 with the treatment and virologic data within 1 year of HBsAg testing were analyzed. Patients were tested for HBsAg using qualitative (for HBsAg-negative samples) and/or commercial quantitative assays. Fibrosis or hepatic necroinflammation was determined by the liver stiffness measurement (LSM). The baseline data were summarized using descriptive statistics and compared by using univariable/multivariable analyses. Results: This study included 844 CHB patients, with a median age of 49.6 years (IQR 40.1–60.5), and 37% were female. In total, 751 patients (78.6%) had known ethnicity data, and 76.7% self-reported as Asian, 11.4% as Black, 6.8% as White, and 4.8% as other. Among the 844 patients, 237 (28.0%) were HBsAg (−) (<LLOQ), 190 (22.5%) had qHBsAg 1–100, 91 (10.8%) had qHBsAg 100–500, 54 (6.4%) had qHBsAg 500–1000, and 272 (32.2%) had qHBsAg >1000 IU/mL. Overall, 80% (682) had known HBeAg status at the last follow-up, and the majority (87.0%) were HBeAg-negative. In addition, 54% (461/844) had prior antiviral therapy, 19.7% of which (16.3, 23.7, n = 91) were HBsAg (−). The treated patients had a lower risk of cirrhosis (16.46, 95% CI 1.89–143.39, p = 0.01) or HCC (8.23, 95% CI 1.01–67.39, p = 0.05) than the untreated patients. A lower proportion of the HBsAg-loss group had cirrhosis (5.7% vs. 10.9%, p = 0.021) and HCC (0.9% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.001). Conclusion: In this retrospective, ethnically diverse cohort study, CHB patients who received antiviral therapy and/or had HBsAg loss were less likely to develop cirrhosis and HCC, confirming the results of the studies in less diverse cohorts. No association was found between the qHBsAg level and fibrosis determined with LSM. Individuals who achieved HBsAg loss had low-level qHBsAg within 1 year of seroclearance