Production of cellulosic ethanol from wood sawdust

Energy from fossil fuels has played a very important role in our lives, but such an important role has been clouded out due to the environment hazards caused from fossil emissions.  This has led to a new dimension in energy utilization known as renewable energy fuels.  To fully support this type of energy from biological mass, adequate biomass source must be harnessed.  This work thus was carried out to utilize a local available biomass waste as an alternative source of ethanol which is currently used for spark ignition engines as a renewable energy fuel.  It also determined the yield of ethanol from the sawdust used.  The sawdust sample was collected from the Nsukka Sawmill (Timbershade).  Materials used included 18 m (78% concentration) of sulphuric acid, 6 m of sodium hydroxide for hydrolysis, and fermentation process.  The hydrolysis involves the extraction of fermentable sugar from a cellulosic biomass.  The sawdust of sulfuric acid mixture was allowed to sit for 48 hours, then the distilled water was used to dilute in order to bring its pH between 5.0 - 6.0.  10 kg of sawdust gave 500 cm3 of ethanol using Beer-Lambert plot of ethanol water mixture.  The success of the extraction of ethanol shows there are possibilities for improvement. Keywords: Biofuel, climate change, ethanol yield, fermentation, wood sawdus

ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF A NATURAL CONVECTIVE SOLAR- HEATED ANIMAL BUILDING

A model has been developed to predict the outlet air temperature and air flow rate from a solar collector based on the theory of thermal buoyancy. A high capacitance solar collector directly coupled to an animal building absorbs solar radiation, which heats up air and forces entry into the building by convection. In order to test the validity of predictions of the model measured outlet air temperatures of the solar collector are compared to the predicted values and the results are presented. The predictions of outlet temperature and air flow rate agree reasonably well with experimental data, differences being of less than 1.5% significance. [Global Jnl Engineering Res. Vol.1(2) 2002: 127-136