Effect of crude oil and some petroleum products on Clarias Gariepinus fingerlings (Catfish: Claridae)

Ninety (90) hatchery bred fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (mean weight: 0.96 ± 0.1g) were randomly placed in 15 plastic baths (25 litres each) at the Research laboratory and were exposed to different concentrations of oil products to determine their effects on the fish, to facilitate inferential deductions that will enhance effective aquatic environmental management. Three (3) replicate basins of 5 experimental treatments (crude oil, petrol oil, kerosene oil, engine oil and control) were used at a concentration of 1.25ml. L-1. The control experiment was devoid of oil treatment. Six (6) fingerlings were placed in each replicate basin, flooded with 20 litres of clean tap water and fed with nutrafin cichilid food, 2 times daily at 3% body weight. The results showed that the feeding behaviour and swimming performances of fish were reduced after 24 hours of the addition of the various oil pollutants. Mortality of fingerlings in the oiled basins increased as the hours of exposure increased (i.e. 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). Recovery was not immediate in the treated basin while surviving fingerlings in the control basins grew up to post-fingerlings after 90 days (3 months). There were significant differences (P<0.01 and P<0.05) in the effect of crude oil and the petroleum products on the mortality rate of C. gariepinus when exposed to oil pollutants at 1.25ml. L-1 concentratio

A Philosophical Assessment of the Challenges of Sustainability of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy Image Between 1960-2013

This paper is a philosophical assessment of the challenges of sustainability of Nigeria’s foreign policy image between 1960-2013. The problem which led to this research was the failure of the Nigerian state to secure a permanent seat in the UN Security Council. This shows that Nigeria’s image problem is clearly a treat to the country’s progress in international politics. In this way, the paper is significant in calling attention to Nigeria’s image problem. The central argument which this paper raised was that while the “survivability” or “unsurvivability” of Nigeria’s foreign policy image cannot be discussed without recourse to the Nigerian civil war(1966-1969), the actual challenges to sustainability which this paper alleges include among other things; -1) prolonged years of military misrule in Nigeria, 2)identification of Africa’s interests as Nigeria’s National interests, and 3) the absence of an efficient public relation department in the Nigerian foreign policy industry for that same purpose. Keywords: Nigeria foreign policy image, sustainability and challenges

Sub-national regional development and degree-awarding tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria: descriptive, geo-demographic and geo-spatial analyses

Public and private investments in educational institutions as a means of catalysing economic growth has been recognized a veritable strategy for developing human capital, increasing productivity and competitiveness at various regional levels. Nigeria’s multiplicity of cultural groups whose political sensitivity to (in)equality in the sharing of nationally pooled resources has been a source of conflicts including the 1967-70 civil war, presents an ideal scenario for understanding the extent of balance or otherwise of tertiary educational opportunities across the national landscape. This has not been sufficiently addressed in the academic literature. This article reports findings of a study of the provision of degree-awarding tertiary educational institutions (TEIs) by governments and private entities in Nigeria’s sub-national regions. Geo-demographic-spatial and description analyses were used to analyze secondary data. We found among others that: the numbers of TEIs provided in the sub-national regions (geo-political zones and their constituent states) have not been determined by the population size of the sub-national regions (state/territory); highest concentration/localisation of TEIs were in Nigeria’s SouthWest geo-political zone. It is argued that the full government financing of education implemented in the former (South) Western Region about half a century ago (since the 1950s) laid the foundation for creating critically needed human capital mass that has continued to regenerate in multi-dimensional strategies for establishing more TEIs thereby promoting regional development in the present South-West Region thereby contrasting with Nigeria’s other geo-political regions

Toxicity, Growth And Survival Of Clarias Gariepinus Juveniles Exposed To Different Concentrations Of Crude Oil Fractions-Polluted Water

Studies were carried out on the toxicity, growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles exposed to different concentrations of oil-polluted water. Thirty-nine aerated aquaria (60 × 30 × 30 cm3), arranged in a 4 × 3 Complete Randomized Block Design were used for the study. Three oil types: the Bonny light crude oil (BLCO), the premium motor spirit (PMS) and kerosene (DPK) at oilconcentrations of 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and2.50 ml L -1 were used in triplicates of 5 ml to contaminate 15L of dechlorinated tap water and 20 fingerlings o Clarias gariepinus (22 ± 0.24 g) exposed to it. A control treatment (0.00 ml L-1) of non-oil contamination was aso used in riplicates. A 96-hour toxicity phase in the oil-polluted water preceded a 42 days recovery phase. 38% crude proein dietwas fed to fish during exposure and recovery phases at 3% and 5% body weight per day respectively. Water temperature, pH, fish mortality and normalized biomass index (NBI) of each aquarium were monitored. The total organic nitrogen, soluble organic nitrogen and colloidal organic nitrogen in addition to soluble and adsorbed ammonia in the aquaria water and sediments were analyzed using standard methods. Results showed that the water temperature was 26 ± 2.04° C, pH was 6.50 ± 0.30 and fortnighty eed intake of fish increased between days 14 and 42. This increase, which corresponded wth the increase in the fortnightly weight gain, could be attributed to the reduction of stress caused during the 96-h toxicity phase. The increase in the soluble ammonium and the exchangeable ammonium concentrations o water correlated with the increase inthe concentrations (1.50 – 2.50 ml L-1) ofBLCO, PMS and DPK. Percent mortality of fsh reduced between days 14 and 42 irrespective o oil treatment while fish exposed to the control treatment had lower percent mortality than those exposed to the oil treatments. This trend was corroborated by the relatively higher NBI for the control during the exposure (-0.02) and recovery{0.08 (14 days), 0.08 (38 days) and 0.21 (42 days)} periods than those of oi treatments (-49.64 to-0.10). Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, Toxicity, Soluble ammonium, Feed intake, Weight gainAnimal Research International Vol. 3 (2) 2006 pp. 466-47

Capitalism and the New World Order of the 21st Century Age

Western-type capitalism has always found a way of pestering itself around nations of the world, which have been rendered poor by global ideologies, such as; communism, feudalism, primitive and modern-day socialism. The Post-Cold War Capitalists’-based Vision here being called a ‘New World Order’, especially, in its current practices, as it has been imposed on the rest of the world by the G8 nations and assisted by the World Bank, IMF, United Nations, WTO and NATO, is a 21st Century Imperialist Rule constantly being communicated to the rest of society by the super-rich nations of the world. It is a 21st Century G8 Nations and American-Type of Colonial Imperialism, in which capitalism is constantly being used by the super-rich nations of the world to make poor nations feel extremely guilty for the same global poverty created by these super-rich nations. The current essay contends that while the current ‘New World Order’ is a wonderful idea on the pages papers, in its day-to-day application, it has remained nothing less than an American-bred Capitalists’ Vision of the society; a Western World kind of Imperialism and a barrage of political conspiracies by the United States of America, which must not be left to be, but which must be kept under constant check by the G8 nations as a higher political platform.Key words: Capitalism, Communism, Socialism, 21st Century Society, New and Old World Orde

TRANSNATIONAL CRIME, HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA’S OILRICH NIGER DELTA

Despite its immense endowment in human and natural resources, Nigeria’s Niger Delta has been socially and ecologically degraded for centuries by international crime and human rights violations. External perpetrators were involved in unequal trade, trans-Atlantic slave trade, colonialism, and imperialism/neoliberalism. Some evidences of the perpetuation of these crimes in Nigeria during the post-independent period include the emasculation of the Niger Delta region through marginalistic-discriminatory government policies complemented by indigenous misrule/spoliation characterized by elite criminal stealing large portions of public funds (at an average earnings of US$20billion from the 1970s to the time of this study) to stash away in foreign bank accounts. The latter combines with series of historical violations of human rights, international crime and the Delta’s cultural violation of women-girls’ rights to own/inherit property (embedded in the region’s traditional ruling institutions) to engender chronic poverty of masses of Niger Deltans/Nigerians. Overwhelming poverty compels Delta girls/women to resort/succumb to human traffickers for sex work, among other modern slavery methods. Reduction/elimination of human rights violations and human trafficking require implementation of good governance capable of reforming cultural practices/beliefs and modern government invasive practices

Homestead Artificial Propagation, Growth And Morphometric Characteristics Of The African Catfish (Carias gariepinus, Pisces: Clariidae)

No Abstract. Animal Research International Vol. 2 (3) 2005 pp. 377-38

Modelling and Analysis of Dynamic Stability of Glass Reinforced Plastic Pipes Subjected to Fluid Flow

In the past, almost every industry worldwide patronized iron and its alloys for every major industrial design, construction and other forms of work. However, with the advent of the Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) as accepted in the United Kingdom or the Fibre Reinforced Plastic as accepted in the United States, which was discovered in the nineteen thirty’s (1930’s), the Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) has become very versatile as it has become a household name in most industries globally .It has attained this height through the significant properties it possesses, which include its ability to transform into moulds of difficult and delicate shapes and sizes which iron and its alloy may not find easy to submit to. It brings a host of other benefits in the form of long term performance and reliability, ease of installation and the ability to withstand corrosion and tuberculation. A service life of more than thrice that of the ductile iron pipes to mention but a few. Ductile Iron pipes are used in most petrochemical industries where pipeline plays a very important role in transporting crude oil and gas. As the service duration increases, the pipe lines are affected by corrosion mechanism which can lead to fatal accident. Corrosion can occur at both the internal and external surface of the pipelines. In general, corrosion would cause metal loss which leads to reduction in pipeline thickness and consequently reduce its strength. It becomes necessary that the stability of the Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) pipes are carefully investigated especially in the event of high pressure turbulent flows. This is the thrust of this work. In the light of the above, ductile iron pipes and Glass Reinforced Plastics (GRP) pipes of the same thicknesses were investigated, some special characteristics such as the bursting pressures were calculated using Peter Barlow’s formula. The ANSYS software was also used for modal analysis and compare the stress profile under dynamic condition for both pipes. Also the cost of production of pipes, classification and the difficulties encountered during their installation processes were examined. The result indicated an overwhelming encouragement to use Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) pipes as substitutes to the traditional ductile iron and its alloys in view of the fact that Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) pipes withstand corrosion and tuberculation while saving the huge cost that would have been used for pigging &nbsp