Effect of different concentrations of bonny-light crude oil on alanine kinase and alanine transaminase enzyme activities in Heterobranchus bidorsalis juveniles

The effect of exposing juveniles of Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 809) (mean weight: 15.02~c:0.14g) to different concentrations of Bonny-light crude oil (BLCO) on alanine kinase and alanine transaminase activities were studied. The exposure of the fish to 1.00, 2.00, 4.00, 8.001L-1 BLCO and a control (0.00m1 L-1) within 4 days toxicity and 42 days recovery periods indicated that the significant increases (P<0.05; P<0.01) in the serum alanine transaminase (HCAT) activities were dependent on the BLCO concentrations. The reduced SAK and (HCAK) activities noticed within the first 14 days recovery period implied that the removal of the oil pollutant probably lowered the pressure on the SAK and HCAK to participate in the metabolism of ingested carbohydrate. The significant increases in the serum alanine transminase (SAT) and the hepatic cytosolic alanine transminase (HCAT) activities in the fish corresponded with the trend shown by the SAK and HCAK activities. Generally, the increased activities of SAK, HCAK, SAT and HCAT in H. bodorsalis juveniles in this study might be due to a shift in the carbohydrate metabolism of the fish caused probably by the crude oil exposure

Effects of crude oil and the fractions on the blood haemoglobin and neutrophil concentrations in Heterobranchus bidorsalis juveniles

Studies on the effects of crude oil and its fractions on the blood haemoglobin (HB) neutrophil (NP) concentration in the blood of Heterobranchus bidorsalis juveniles were carried out. Two study periods (toxicity and recovery) and four oil types (Bonny-light crude oil (BLCO), premium motor spirit (PMS), kerosene (DPK) and lubricating engine oil (lBO) at 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 8.00ml were used. There were significant differences (P<0.05, p< 0.01) on the HB and NP values in blood of fish samples. The elevated values of HB levels in fish exposed to 2.00,4.00 and 8.00m1 L-1 BLCC, 2.00ml L-1 PMS and DPK; and 4.00ml L -1 LBO over the levels in the control fish were in consonance with the results of other workers. Increases in NP values in fish exposed to the four oil types (BLCO, PMS, DKP and LBO) relative to the control could be part of the immunological attempts by the fish to mobilize the body's defence mechanisms. The relatively high percent mortality and low survival of H. bidorsalis juveniles exposed to 4.00 and 8.00mlL-1 concentration of the four oil types over the other concentration implied that these concentrations were probably lethal to fish existence

Efficiency of resource use in food crop production in major yam producing areas of Southeastern Nigeria

ThesisThesis, University of Nigeria, 1989Draft final reportPage 192 missingDoctor of Philosoph

Cost constraints on root and tuber crops production in yam based cropping system of South East Nigeria

Draf

Comparative study of the use of natural and artificial coagulants for the treatment of sullage (domestic wastewater)

This work presented a comparative study of the effectiveness of natural coagulant (Moringa oleifera and hydrolyzed cassava) extracts and artificial coagulant (alum) as primary coagulants for sullage from homes and cafeteria at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Stock solutions of these coagulants were prepared, and jar test of their varying mixing ratios used to obtain optimum dosages of 200, 30 and 1,000 mg/l for Moringa, alum and cassava respectively. The effects of these optimum dosages were tested against turbidity, pH, BOD, nutrients, hardness and coli form. All tested parameters were significantly sensitive to concentrations of used stock solutions. 100% Moringa seed extract resulted in all the treated parameters (except turbidity) being within tolerable limits. The stock solution of 100% Alum also showed all tested parameters (except pH) to be within the standards for drinking water. The combination of Moringa and alum stock solutions at 50% each (A50M50) showed the overall best result with the resultant water fit for drinking. The result of the comparative test showed that alum with its residual and health implications can be successfully replaced, partially or wholly, with natural coagulants

KINETIC STUDIES ON METHANE PRODUCTION FROM OKRA WASTES USING GROWTH FUNCTIONS

Degradation kinetics of organics is essential for assessing the performance of anaerobic digestion process. This study investigates the biomethane potentials (BMP) and kinetics of okra waste using AMPTS II BMP assay. Measured data of methane yield were used to fit five models (Modified Gompertz, Stannard, Transference function, Logistic and First-Order models), predict and determine organic degradation parameters of the substrate. Low lag phase (0.143d), positive kinetic constant (0.2994/d) and model fitness indicator (<10) showed that Transference and First-Order kinetic models predicted the methane yield better than other growth functions. The experimental methane yield was 270.98mL/gVS and model simulation (267.5- 270.89 mL/gVS). With %prediction difference (0.03-1.28%), all the growth functions acceptably predicted the kinetics of okra wasteMechanical and Industrial Engineerin

Effects of selenium supplementation on pregnancy outcomes and disease progression in HIV-infected pregnant women in Lagos: A randomized controlled trial

Objective To examine the effects of selenium supplementation on pregnancy outcomes and disease progression among HIV-infected pregnant women in Lagos. Methods A randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted among HIV-positive pregnant women between September 2018 and August 2019. At enrollment, 90 women were randomly assigned into each treatment arm to receive either a daily tablet of 200 μg elemental selenium or a placebo. Relevant participants' sociodemographic and clinical data were collected at enrollment and delivery. Results Women in the selenium arm had a significantly lower risk of preterm delivery (relative risk [RR] 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11–0.96) and a non-significant reduction in the risk of delivering term neonates with a low delivery weight (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.05–1.19). Supplemental selenium does not increase the risk of perinatal death and adverse drug events. Conclusion The study reported a beneficial effect of prenatal selenium supplements on the risk of preterm delivery with no further reduction in risk among HIV-infected women who used the supplements for more than 14 weeks. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201809756724274)