The effect of spent engine oil on some vegetative parameters of Eichhornia crassipes

The effect of spent engine oil pollution on some vegetative parameters of Eichhornia crassipes was studied in a greenhouse for eight (8) weeks to evaluate the level of tolerance of E. crassipes to spent engine oil pollution, and to make recommendations on the use of E. crassipes for phytoremediation of spilled engine oil. Three levels of spent engine oil: 5 ml, 15 ml and 45 ml were applied to pollute the water culture container. A plant grown in an unpolluted medium served as the control. Results showed that there were significant (p<0.05) reductions in plant height, width of lamina, leaf area and petiole length of all the plants in polluted media compared with the control. Among the treatments, 15 ml treatment had minimal pollution effect on plant growth and produced the highest percentage flowering whereas 45 ml treatment gave the highest pollution effect on the plant, resulting in low percentage flowering. The growth of the vegetative parameters of plants cultured in both polluted and unpolluted water was enhanced by the application of fertilizer. It is recommended that E. crassipes be employed in phytoremediation trial experiments since the vegetative parameters studied were not adversely affected by spent engine oil when supplied with nutrients like NPK fertilizer

Correlations Between Relative and Absolute Prepandial Gallbladder Lengths with Motility Indices: A Pilot Based Cohort Study

Aim: To establish a correlation between absolute and relative preprandial gallbladder lengths with gallbladder motility indices. Methods: Sixty-one volunteers (thirty-seven males and twenty-four females) underwent serial ultrasound scanning. The lengths width and anterposterior measurements of the gallbladder were taken with a 3.5MHz sector transducer in preprandial and 20th minute postprandial states. Gallbladder volumes were calculated by ellipsoid approximation. The 20th minute contraction index (Cl) and gallbladder emptying rate (GBER) were computed. Age and height of the patients were equally recorded. Parametric statistical analysis was used with