Impact of congenital color vision defect on color‑related tasks among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

Aim: To assess the difficulties encountered by students with congenital color vision defects in daily living and school activities.Methods: A cross‑sectional descriptive study conducted among students of public secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to all consenting students to determine difficulties encountered in aspects of color matching and color recognition.Results: A total of 1635 students (male:female 1:1.1) were screened of whom 37 (2.3%) had congenital color vision defect. A statistically significant proportion (P < 0.0001) of them reported difficulties with color‑related school work and day‑to‑day activities.Conclusion: Congenital color vision deficient students encounter some difficulty with school work and daily living activities, hence a need to identify them early and give appropriate career guidance.Keywords: Color vision, color vision defect, congenita

Bilateral Congenital Anophthalmia: A Report of Two Cases and a Case for Increased Anomaly Ultrasound Scans Coverage in Pregnancy in Nigeria

This is a report of two cases of patients with bilateral congenital anophthalmos who presented to a tertiary hospital, in Ibadan Southwest Nigeria, with the aim of highlighting the need for increased implementation of fetal anomaly scans coverage during pregnancy in Nigeria. Information on patients’ sociodemographic data, clinical features, and management are described. Both patients presented because of the inability of the parents to view the globes after delivery. Ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography confirmed bilateral absence of the eyeballs in both patients and the parents were counseled on the anomaly including its treatment and prognosis

Trabeculectomy for Congenital Glaucoma in University College Hospital, Ibadan: A 7 Year Review of Cases

Introduction: Congenital glaucoma is an uncommon ocular condition affecting about 1/15,000 live births. About two third of cases are bilateral with a higher prevalence in males. The definitive treatment requires surgery which could be trabeculectomy, trabeculotomy, goniotomy, drainage tubes or a combination of trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy. Aim: To determine the outcome of trabeculectomy in patients with congenital glaucoma seen at the University College Hospital Ibadan between 2007 and 2013.Methods: The medical records of all patients with congenital glaucoma seen between the years 2007 and 2013 were retrieved. Inclusion criteria were patients who had trabeculectomy with or without anti‑metabolites within this period. The main outcome measures assessed were postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal clarity. Data was analyzed with the statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Results: Thirty‑four eyes of 18 patients were reviewed out of which 16 patients had bilateral trabeculectomy while two had unilateral trabeculectomy. The mean preoperative IOP was 26.31 mmHg while the mean IOP in the immediate postoperative period, at 3 months after surgery and at last follow‑up visit were 13.31 mmHg, 12.78 mmHg and 15.89 mmHg respectively. IOP was <21 mmHg in 81.82% of the eyes as at last clinic visit. All eyes had cloudy corneas preoperatively while 38.24% had minimal residual corneal opacity (Haab’s striae) as at last follow‑up visit.Conclusion: In the absence of equipment for other surgical options, trabeculectomy is an effective surgical approach in the management of congenital glaucoma in the short term.Keywords: Congenital glaucoma, glaucoma, trabeculectom

Ocular morbidity in children with allergic conjunctivitis: A rural-urban survey

Background: Allergic conjunctivitis occasionally may result in some ocular morbidities. This ranges from innocuous to severe forms of ocular disorders. Aim: This study reports and compares ocular morbidities among children with ocular allergies living in an urban and rural community. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study conducted in urban and rural schools among children aged 5–15 years using a multistage sampling method. Sociodemographic data, past ocular history, history of ocular allergies, and treatment were collected with an interviewer-based questionnaire and were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Descriptive analyses of sociodemographic variables and associated ocular morbidity were carried out. The Chi-square test was used to test associations between rural and urban groups. A P = 0.05 or less was considered significant. Results: Associated ocular morbidities were seen in 8% (19/238) of the children with allergic conjunctivitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of ocular morbidities observed between both locations (8.1 vs. 7.9 in the rural and urban location, respectively, with a P = 1.000). Children with mild forms of allergic conjunctivitis were 197 (82.8%), and only 1.7% had severe forms. The moderate and severe form of allergic conjunctivitis were more prevalent in the rural area (P = 0.002) while untreated allergic conjunctivitis was found in 168 (70.6%) of those affected. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher proportion of moderate-to-severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis among school children in the rural region with the majority being untreated