Foodomics: A new approach in food quality and safety

Kemahlioglu, Omer Kemal/0000-0002-8125-6563WOS:000615368700005Background. The progress in the analytical methods in food science and technology brought about a novel and modern approach concerning human health and food quality and safety. Foodomics is a recently coined term and is an integration of relevant omics disciplines. The constituent omics approaches have extensively been applied in biology and medical domains so far. Recently, food and nutrition scientists have also been interested in these omics research. Scope and Approach. Foodomics is a powerful tool in determining the food constituents and nutrients at the molecular level. Lately, researches in the food area have been fuelled by using the analytical techniques through different omics disciplines like proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, nutrigenomics, metagenomics and transcriptomics. Numerous research papers address the use of different omics technologies separately or in combination not only in ana lysing the food constituents but also in food authentication and evaluation of food safety and quality. It is evident that using the advanced analytical techniques in omics research has empowered the scientists looking into food and nutrition science at a broad perspective. Key Findings and Conclusions. This review discusses the recent developments in the analytical methodologies used in each "omics" discipline and how foodomics approach elucidates the arguments concerning food quality, food safety, the origin of food, human nutrition and relatedly human well-being

Evaluation of biogenic amines in organic and non-organic wines by HPLC OPA derivatization

WOS: 000245219000010Organic and non-organic wines, selected on the basis of consumers' preference towards healthy products, were produced from the grapes of Vitis vinifera varieties Semillon, Colombard, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Carignan and possible effects of different wine making techniques were considered. Concentrations of histamine, tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine, ethylamine, methylamine, tryptamine, agmatine and P-phenylethylamine were quantified by HPLC fluorescence detection of o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) derivatives. The order of analyzed parameters in all wines from the highest to the lowest quantities was determined as follows: putrescine > histamine > ethylamine > methylamine > agmatine > tyramine > cadaverine > tryptamine. One of the analyzed compounds (beta-phenylethylamine) was not detected. The highest average values for organic and non-organic wines were found as follows (in mg/L): putrescine 5.55, ethylamine 0.825 and histamine 0.628 in organic wines, and putrescine 3.68, histamine 1.14 and agmatine 0.662 in non-organic wines. Considering the wine type (organic/non-organic), an important difference was determined for putrescine. Putrescine content in organic wines was significantly greater than in non-organic ones (p=0.008). Evaluating colour of wines (white/red), a statistically significant difference was obtained for methylamine (p=0.028). Taking into account only grape varieties, statistically significant differences were found for histamine, methylamine, tyramine and cadaverine (p < 0.05). The results of principal component analysis demonstrated close relations between the following biogenic amines and wines: agmatine and non-organic Colombard; tryptamine or cadaverine and both organic and non-organic Cabernet Sauvignon wines

PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN MENINGIOMA M2-TYPE PYRUVATE-KINASE

The M2-type pyruvate kinase was purified from human meningioma by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by ion exchange and affinity chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 33.4 U/mg with a yield of 6.5%

Hydrogen storage capability of carbon nanotube Be@C-120

PM3 (RHF) type semiempirical quantum chemical calculations have been carried out on (nH(2) + Be)@C-120 Systems where C-120 is a capped tube and n less than or equal to 15. The results indicate that all these systems are stable but endothermic in nature. (7H(2) + Be)@C-120 system has the lowest heat of formation value. (C) 2004 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

PM3 (UHF) type quantum chemical treatment of the models for Ni-C state of [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris

Theoretical models based on the structure excerpted from the literature for Ni-C state of [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovulgaris (Miyaszaki F) were considered. These models mainly possess either CO,CN and SO or CO,CO and SO ligands on the iron site. All the cysteinyl moieties of the models are in the amide form. In addition to the neutral forms, -/+1 charged forms of these models have been subjected to semiempirical quantum chemical analysis (PM3 (UHF)). After strict geometry optimization, certain quantum chemical and thermodynamic properties were calculated. The calculations have revealed that all the models are thermodynamically stable and exothermic. However, the heat of formation data indicate that negatively charged systems are more exothermic than the neutral ones and they are more exothermic than the positively charged ones. Variation of some bond lengths and bond angles as the charge develops were investigated. Also the effect of charge on the fronlier molecular orbitals, their energies and the interfrontier molecular orbital energy gaps were studied

Effects of ammonium ion, acetate and aerobic conditions on hydrogen production and expression levels of nitrogenase genes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU001

In the present study, expression levels of nitrogenase encoding nifH and control genes nifA and prrA were examined at different physiological conditions in Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001. In addition to variations in expression levels, changes in hydrogen production and growth were also investigated in response to different concentrations of ammonium source, acetate and aerobic conditions

Treatment of olive mill wastewater by different physicochemical methods and utilization of their liquid effluents for biological hydrogen production

in this study various two-stage processes were investigated for biological hydrogen production from olive mill wastewater (OMW) by Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001. Two-stage processes consist of physicochemical pretreatment of OMW followed by photofermentation for hydrogen production. Explored pretreatment methods were chemical oxidation with ozone and Fenton's reagent, photodegradation by UV radiation, and adsorption with clay or zeolite. Among these different two-stage processes, strong chemical oxidants like ozone and Fenton's reagent have the highest color removal (90%). However, their effluents were observed to be unsuitable for both hydrogen production and bacterial growth. On the other hand, clay treatment method was selected as the optimum process that allows fast and low-cost treatment as well as its effluent found to have the highest hydrogen production potential (31.5 m(3) m(-3)). Spent-clay regeneration was also investigated on the grounds that solid waste minimization is important for the overall efficiency of this process

Photofermentative hydrogen production from volatile fatty acids present in dark fermentation effluents

In the present study, the growth and hydrogen production of Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U. 001, was investigated in media containing five different volatile fatty acids (VIA) individually (malate, acetate, propionate, butyrate and lactate) and in media containing mixtures of these acids that reflect the composition of dark fermentation effluents. The highest hydrogen production rate was obtained in malate (24 ml(hydrogen)/I(reactor)h) and the highest biomass concentration was obtained in acetate containing media (1.65 g/l). The substrate conversion efficiencies for different volatile fatty acids were found to vary between 14 and 50%. The malate and butyrate consumption rates were first order with consumption rate constants of 0.026 h(-1) and 0.015 h(-1), respectively. In the case of substrate mixtures, it was observed that the bacteria consumed acetate first, followed by propionate and then butyrate. It was also found that the consumption rate of the main substrate significantly increased when the minor substrates were depleted. (c) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

REGULATION OF M2-TYPE PYRUVATE-KINASE FROM HUMAN MENINGIOMA BY ALLOSTERIC EFFECTORS FRUCTOSE 1,6 DIPHOSPHATE AND L-ALANINE

In the present study the mechanism of action of M2-type pyruvate kinase from human meningioma in the simultaneous presence of fructose 1,6 diphosphate and L-alanine was investigated. Purified pyruvate kinase from human meningioma was allosterically inhibited by L-alanine with respect to substrates phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP. The inhibitory effects of L-alanine was partially removed by fructose 1,6 diphosphate. The purified enzyme was slightly susceptible to ATP inhibition