An Extremely Uncommon Case of Parasitic Infection Presenting as Eosinophilic Ascites in a Young Patient

We report the case of a 24-year-old male patient admitted for recent ascites and splenomegaly of unknown origin. The patient was referred to our institution with complaints of diarrhea, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping and weight loss over the past three weeks. The acute onset presented with colicky abdominal pain and peritoneal effusion. History revealed reduced appetite and weight gain of 7 kg over the last one month. His past medical history and family history was negative. He had no history of alcohol abuse or viral hepatitis infection. Laboratory data revealed normal transaminases and bilirubin levels, and alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyltransferase were within normal range. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed which showed free peritoneal fluid and normal abdominal viscera. Upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy performed a few days later revealed diffuse severe erythematous pangastritis and gastroduodenal gastric reflux. Duodenal biopsies showed chronic nonspecific duodenitis. Antrum and corpus biopsies showed chronic gastritis. The ascitic fluid was straw-colored and sterile with 80% eosinophils. Stool exam was negative for parasitic infection. Treatment with albendazole 400 mg twice daily for 5 days led to the disappearance of ascites and other signs and symptoms. Three months after albendazole treatment the eosinophilic cell count was normal. The final diagnosis was consistent with parasitic infection while the clinical, sonographic and histological findings suggested an eosinophilic ascites. We emphasize the importance of excluding parasitic infection in all patients with eosinophilic ascites. We chose an alternative way (albendazole treatment) to resolve this clinical picture. With our alternative way for excluding this parasitic infection, we treated the patient and then found the cause

Evaluation of PCA3 and multiparametric MRI’s: collective benefits before deciding initial prostate biopsy for patients with PSA level between 3-10ng/mL

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the contribution of multiparametric MRI and PCA3 assay, pre- decision of initial biopsy in PSA level between 3-10 ng/mL patients with normal digital rectal examination(DRE). Materials and Methods PSA level 3-10 ng/mL ,patients, with normal DRE results and no previous prostate biopsy history, were included in this study. Each patient underwent multiparametric MRI one week before biopsy. Urine sample taking for PCA3 examination preceded the biopsy. Systematic and targeted biopsies were conducted. Patients with high PSA levels were seperated into two groups as: high PCA3 scored and low PCA3 scored. Then each group was divided into two sub-groups as: MRI lesion positive and negative. Tumor incidence, positive predictive values(PPV) and negative predictive values(NPV) were calculated. Results 53 patients were included between February 2013 and March 2014.Mean age 61.22 ± 1.06. Mean PSA value 5.13 ± 0.19 ng / mL. Mean PCA3 score 98.01 ± 23.13 and mean prostate size was 48.96 ± 2.67 grams. Fourty nine patients had both PCA3 score and multiparametric MRI. The PCA3’s PPV value was 58.33%. If multiparametric MRI lesions are added to high PCA3 scores , the PPV appears to elevate to 91.66%. NPV of PCA3 was 96%. NPV was 95% when there was no lesion in the multiparametric MRI with low PCA3 scores. Sensitivity was 91.66% , specificity was 95% respectively. Conclusion Adding multimetric MRI can also support biopsy decision for patients with high PCA3 value. When PCA3 value is low, patients can be survailled without any need to take a MRI

Spindle Cell Metaplastic Breast Cancer: Case Report

Objective: Spindle cell metaplastic breast cancer is a subtype of breast cancer, which is very rare and difficult to diagnose. There is no specific symptom in differentiation from the other breast cancers. It can only be diagnosed by histopathologic examination. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old woman presented with a mass on her left breast and invasive breast carcinoma at tru-cut needle biopsy was diagnosed. She underwent a modified radical mastectomy and axillar dissection, and histopathologic examination revealed spindle cell breast cancer. Cytokeratin and vimentin expressions were positive in immunohistochemical examination. Conclusion: Spindle cell metaplastic breast cancer must be considered in differential diagnosis of breast cancers, and preoperative immunohistochemical examination, including cytokeratin and vimentin, must be added to pathological examination in intervening cases. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2013; 2(4.000): 259-262

A novel method in the treatment of pulmonary contusion: Hyperbaric oxygen, an experimental study

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, daha önce pek çok alanda faydalı olduğu ispatlanmış olan hiperbarik oksijenin (HBO) pulmoner kontüzyondaki (PK) etkinliği ve tek taraflı PK modeli ile oluşturulan PK’da HBO’nun hangi patofizyolojik mekanizmalar üzerine etkisi olduğu araştırıldı. Çalışma planı: Çalışmada toplam 49 adet sıçan kullanıldı. Yedi adet sıçan kontrol grubu olarak seçildi. Kırk iki adet sıçana tek taraflı PK oluşturuldu ve sıçanlar kontüzyon grubu (n=21), HBO grubu (n=21) olarak iki ana gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar kendi içinde eşit üç alt gruba (n=7) bölündü. Hiperbarik oksijen grubunun birinci alt grubu tek doz, ikinci alt grubu iki doz ve son alt grubu üç doz HBO tedavisi aldı. Kontüzyondan 24 saat sonra her iki grubun birinci alt grupları, 48 saat sonra ikinci alt grupları ve 72 saat sonra üçüncü alt grupları sakrifiye edildi. Sağ akciğerden elde edilen doku örnekleri, tümör nekroz faktör alfa (TNF-a), malondialdehid (MDA), miyeloperoksidaz (MPO), histopatolojik inceleme ve apoptozis analizine tabi tutuldu. Bulgular: Kontrol grubuyla kontüzyon grubu karşılaştırıldığında MPO ve TNF-a düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış tespit edildi. Bu parametrelerde HBO tedavisi uygulanan sıçanlarda ise, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmayan azalma tespit edildi. Histopatolojik olarak yapılan inceleme sonucu kontüzyon grubunda alveoler hemoraji, ödem/konjesyon, alveol yırtılması ve lökosit sekestrasyonu skorlarında anlamlı artış tespit edildi. HBO tedavisi sonucu bu skorlarda istatistiksel olarak anlamsız, fakat önemli oranda iyileşme gözlendi. Apoptozis analizinde, kontüzyonun apoptotik hücre indüksiyonuna yol açtığı ve bu etkinin HBO tedavisi ile önemli oranda baskılandığı tespit edildi. So­nuç: Pulmoner kontüzyon, akciğer dokusunda ciddi lokal hasarın yanında, indirekt etki ile aktive olan inflamatuvar yanıt mekanizmaları ve açığa çıkan serbest oksijen radikalleri vasıtası ile doku hasarına neden olmaktadır. İki ve üç doz HBO uygulanan sıçanlara kıyasla, tek doz HBO uygulanan sıçanların TNF-a, MDA ve MPO düzeyleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemesi, HBO tedavisinin en azından etki bakımından doz ve süre bağımlı olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Hiperbarik oksijenin apoptotik hücre ölümünü azalttığına inanmakla birlikte, HBO mekanizmasını tam olarak değerlendirmek için daha uzun süreçlerde gözlem yapılmasının gerektiğine inanıyoruz.Background: In this study, the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) -which was previously shown to have positive effects on different issues- on pulmonary contusion (PC) and the pathophysiological mechanisms of HBO which act on unilateral PC. Methods: A total of 49 rats were used in this study. Seven rats were used as controls. Unilateral PC was induced in 42 rats and the rats were divided into two main groups, including contusion (n=21) and HBO group (n=21). Each group was divided into three subgroups (n=7). The first HBO subgroup received a single dose of HBO therapy, while the second HBO subgroup received two doses and the third HBO subgroup received three doses. The first subgroups of each main group were sacrificed 24 hours after the contusion, the second subgroups were after 48 hours and the third subgroups were sacrificed after 72 hours. Tissue samples obtained from the right lung were considered for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and, histopathological study and apoptosis analysis. Results: When compared controls with the contusion group, a statistically siginificant increase in MPO and TNF-a levels was observed. In the HBO treated group, these parameters were decreased, however the decrease was not statistically significant. Histopathological examination revealed significant increases in alveolar hemorrhage, edema/congestion, alveolar distruption and leukocytic sequestration scores. HBO treatment resulted in a statistically nonsignificant, however dramatic improvement in these scores. Apoptosis analysis showed that contusion resulted in an apoptotic cell induction and this effect was significantly inhibited with HBO treatment. Conclusion: Pulmonary contusion results in a serious local injury, as well as tissue injury via indirect effect of activated inflammatory response mechanisms and exposed free oxygen radicals. Statistically nonsignificance between the TNF-a, MDA and MPO levels in rats receiving a single dose of HBO, compared to others receiving two or three doses suggested that its effect was independent from dosage and the time, at least. We believe that HBO treatment decreases apoptotic cell death and further long-term observations should be carried out to assess the exact mechanism of HBO