INPP4B (Inositol Polyphosphate-4-Phosphate Type II B)

Review on INPP4B, with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated

The mathematical analysis of the structure of some songs

The mathematical structures of six songs were studied by treating them as complex systems. The studies were based on (i) scattering diagram, (ii) spiral structure, (iii) graph theory and animal diagrams, and (iv) entropy and organization. In (i), the fractal dimension and the radius of gyration was determined for each melody. In (ii), it was shown that the total number of notes used in a song display a spiral, which can be expressed by a mathematical equation. In (iii), the animal diagram was obtained by using the pathways between the consecutive notes of the song. A ratio defined as 'the number of edges to the total number of unit edge' for the animal diagram was used as a parameter to characterize a melody. In (iv), the entropy, the maximum entropy, and the negentropy or the organization of the songs were determined. In addition, the rate of change of organization of the songs was also determined

Folic acid functionalized PEG coated magnetic nanoparticles for targeting anti-cancer drug delivery: Preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity on Doxorubicin, Zoledronic acid and Paclitaxel resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines

WOS: 000434873000013In this study, MNPs were synthesized, coated with biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG) and conjugated with folic acid. Crystal and chemical structures, shape, size and magnetic properties of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized. Agglomeration tendency of naked nanoparticles were prevented by oleic acid addition during the synthesis. All synthesized MNPs have been found to exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at 23 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Cytotoxic effects of MNPs were investigated on Doxorubicin, Zoledronic acid and Paclitaxel resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The synthesized nanoparticles have been found to be suitable for drug targeting in terms of size, shape, magnetic and cytotoxic properties

Synthesis optimization and characterization of chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles produced for biomedical applications

WOS: 000310608100037The chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CS MNPs) were in situ synthesized by cross-linking method. In this method; during the adsorption of cationic chitosan molecules onto the surface of anionic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with electrostatic interactions, tripolyphosphate (TPP) is added for ionic cross-linking of the chitosan molecules with each other. The characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/ESCA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) analyses. The XRD and XPS analyses proved that the synthesized iron oxide was magnetite (Fe3O4). The layer of chitosan on the magnetite surface was confirmed by FTIR. TEM results demonstrated a spherical morphology. In the synthesis, at higher NH4OH concentrations, smaller sized nanoparticles were obtained. The average diameters were generally between 2 and 8 nm for CS MNPs in TEM and between 58 and 103 nm in DLS. The average diameters of bare MNPs were found as around 18 nm both in TEM and DLS. TGA results indicated that the chitosan content of CS MNPs were between 15 and 23 % by weight. Bare and CS MNPs were superparamagnetic. These nanoparticles were found non-cytotoxic on cancer cell lines (SiHa, HeLa). The synthesized MNPs have many potential applications in biomedicine including targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic hyperthermia.[TUBITAK-TBAG(1001)/109T949]The support of Assist. Prof. Dr Bora Mavis for FTIR is gratefully acknowledged, as well as financial support by TUBITAK-TBAG(1001)/109T949

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery in cancer: the role of cell membrane structures

WOS: 000406665300005PubMed ID: 27790949Development of novel drug-delivery systems aims to specifically deliver anticancer drugs to tumor tissues and improve the efficiency of chemotherapy, while minimizing side effects of drugs on healthy tissues and organs. However, drug-delivery systems are confronted by membrane barriers and multiple drug resistance in cancer cells. In recent years, the obtained results indicate an important role of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in apoptosis, drug transport and the process of cellular uptake of nanoparticles via endocytosis. This article discusses the hypothesis of the relationship between cell membrane structure and nanoparticles in cancer cells

PDCD10 (Programmed cell death 10)

PDCD10 is a novel apoptosis regulator which functions in the regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis

Telomere 1 (POT1) gene expression and its association with telomerase activity in colorectal tumor samples with different pathological features

WOS: 000345001400004PubMed ID: 25194444The ends of chromosoms, telomeres are bound with a number of proteins which protect and stabilize telomeres against degredation, end to end fusion and aberrant recombinations. Telomeric DNA is bound of two groups of proteins, which are double-stranded telomeric DNA bindings proteins, and single stranded telomeric binding proteins. Among telomere binding proteins, protections of telomere 1 protein is a single stranded telomere binding proteins and suggested to be a significant player for telomere elongation and has an association with an enzyme called as telomerase which is an intrinsic reverse transcriptase. Telomerase synthesizes hexameric telomeric repeats onto the chromosomes thereby compansating telomere loss in immortal cells, such as tumor cells, whereas telomeres are shorthened with each division in normal cells. PCR-based TRAP (telomeric repeat amplification protocol) assay is a very sensitive assay for the detection of enzymatic activity of telomerase even if a few numbers of cancerous cells are available. The association between telomerase activity and hPOT1 expression in colorectal cancer is still unclear. Protein extraction was performed from specimens of matched normal and colorectal cancer specimens. Protein concentrations were determined by Bradford assay. Optimized protein concentrations were used for TRAP Assay. TRAP products were seperated by vertical gel electrophoresis on 12.5% polyacrylamide gels and visualized by silver staining. Gene expression of hPOT1 was determined by qPCR analysis. The results demonstrated that all tumor tissues were telomerase positive whereas all corresponding normal tissue was telomerase negative. Among clinicopathological findings, telomerase activity was found to be associated with stage, histology, localization, distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis of tumor in the current study. Although all of the clinicopathological findings differed in the expression of hPOT1 compared to normal tissues, they did not differ from each other significantly, except side of tumor and lymph node metastasis. Telomerase activity and hPOT1 gene expression may serve as a promising tumor marker for colorectal cancer and there is a close association between the enzymatic activty of telomerase and the expression of human protection of telomere 1 gene. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Multidrug resistance in locally advanced breast cancer

WOS: 000241725800004PubMed ID: 17033200Background: Advanced breast cancer cases can still be encountered resulting in poor prognosis. The primary treatment for these patients is chemotherapy, and multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious obstacle in the treatment. Detecting drug resistance before first-line chemotherapy may increase the patient's survival. In this study, the role of MDR is evaluated in locally advanced breast cancer patients. Methods: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of MDR genes, ABCB1 and ABCC1. Immunohistochemistry was used for the detection of MDR proteins, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and MDR-associated protein 1. Results: Breast tissues from 25 patients both before and after chemotherapy were examined. Five patients were unresponsive to chemotherapy. Four had ABCB1 gene expression induced by chemotherapy, and Pgp positivity was detected in 9 patients after chemotherapy. Both the induction of ABCB1 gene expression (p < 0.001) and Pgp positivity (p < 0.001) during chemotherapy were significantly related with clinical response. Although 80% of the clinically unresponsive patients had ABCC1 gene expression, the relation between ABCC1 expression and clinical drug response was not significant. Conclusion: In locally advanced breast cancer, ABCB1 gene expression during chemotherapy contributes to clinical unresponsiveness. However, ABCC1 gene expression did not correlate strongly with the clinical response. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Base

Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid loading onto different generations of PAMAM dendrimer-coated magnetic nanoparticles

WOS: 000322593200053Poly (I:C), which is a synthetic double-stranded RNA, have significant toxicity on tumor cells. The immobilization of Poly (I:C) onto nanoparticles is important for the fabrication of targeted delivery systems. In this study, different generations of newly synthesized PAMAM dendron-coated magnetic nanoparticles (DcMNP) which can be targeted to the tumor site under magnetic field were efficiently loaded for the first time with Poly (I:C). Different generations of DcMNPs (G(2), G(3), G(4), G(5), G(6), and G(7)) were synthesized. Poly (I:C) activation was achieved in the presence of EDC and 1-methylimidazole. Loading of Poly (I:C) onto DcMNPs was followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Acidic reaction conditions were found as superior to basic and neutral for binding of Poly (I:C). In addition, having more functional groups at the surface, higher generations (G(7), G(6), and G(5)) of PAMAM DcMNPs were found more suitable as a delivery system for Poly (I:C). Further in vitro and in vivo analyses of Poly (I:C)/PAMAM magnetic nanoparticles may provide new opportunities for the selective targeting and killing of tumor cells.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TBAG-109T949, TBAG-2215]; Middle East Technical UniversityMiddle East Technical University [BAP-07-02-2010-06]This study was supported by TUBITAK (TBAG-109T949 and TBAG-2215), and Middle East Technical University (BAP-07-02-2010-06)

Polyhydroxybutyrate-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Doxorubicin Delivery: Cytotoxic Effect Against Doxorubicin-Resistant Breast Cancer Cell Line

WOS: 000345012600018PubMed ID: 25137407In this study, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared by coprecipitation of iron salts (Fe2+ and Fe3+) by ammonium hydroxide. Characterizations of PHB-coated MNPs were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, thermal gravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Doxorubicin was loaded onto PHB-MNPs, and the release efficiencies at different pHs were studied under in vitro conditions. The most efficient drug loading concentration was found about 87% at room temperature in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2). The drug-loaded MNPs were stable up to 2 months in neutral pH for mimicking physiological conditions. The drug release studies were performed with acetate buffer (pH 4.5) that mimics endosomal pH. Doxorubicin (60%) released from PHB-MNPs within 65 hours. Doxorubicin-loaded PHB-MNPs were about 2.5-fold more cytotoxic as compared with free drug on resistant Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma, MCF-7) cell line (1 mu M doxorubicin) in vitro. Therefore, doxorubicin-loaded PHB-MNPs lead to overcome the drug resistance.Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, TurkeyAhi Evran University [BAP-PYO-KMY.4001.12.007]Supported by Ahi Evran University (BAP-PYO-KMY.4001.12.007), Kirsehir, Turkey