Effects of fish-meal, cow blood-meal, and sorghum diets on food utilization and growth of cage cultured Sarotherodon niloticus

The growth responses and feed utilization of Sarotherodon niloticus held in metal cages in a pond and fed diets containing fish-meal, cow blood-meal or sorghum was studied. Results indicate that the best growth, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio were obtained with the diet containing 60% fish-meal. The growth performance of fish on 40% fish-meal, and 40% and 60% blood meal were not significantly different, and were quite close to the performance with 60% fish-meal. The growth and food utilization of fish on 84% sorghum diet was significantly lower than the rest. The Caged fish without supplemental feeding had a light gain in weight. All fish with supplemental feeding appeared healthy. It is concluded that cow blood meal at 40% or 60% inclusion in diet can adequately replace fish-meal in S. niloticus supplemental diet in pond cultur

Investment prospects of fish farming in the Jos-Plateau, Nigeria

The investment prospects of fish farming in the Jos-Plateau, Nigeria, strategically located in about the centre of the country are discussed with special reference to its numerous abandoned mine lakes and the tripartite role of government, universities and individuals. In the Jos-Plateau, about 17.0 km super(2) is covered by these disused mine lakes, making up about 20-30% of the area covered. In such enterprise, problems commonly encountered, like population growth and government planning policies, fish demand and supply, manpower, feed and seed availability, preservation, processing and marketing are discussed. Inspite of these, prospects still abound with regards to land-use of these numerous disused mine lakes and feed availability based on the principles of using both industrial and farm by-products for fish culture, processing and marketing. These potentials, if properly harnessed, will help to supplement the protein insufficiency in the diet of the populace. In this regard, proposals on the economics of production and sales, strategies for achieving these development goals, cost-benefit analysis and their implications in further development of fish culture are discusse

Nutrient digestibility and growth response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri ) fed different carbohydrate types

Seven groups of fingerling rainbow trout (S. gairdneri ) were fed for 10 weeks on 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of cassava or rice in isonitrogenous diets. Optimum growth and food utilization was at 20% dietary cassava. High fiber content of the control diet did not suppress protein digestibility in this group. Rather, at all levels, protein digestibility was good and remained between 84.4% and 90.1%. However, in the control group, carbohydrate digestibility was very poor. The cassava diets which had the highest digestible energy as carbohydrate produced the best growth performance, food utilization and protein sparing. At the levels studied, the dietary carbohydrates produced no hyperglycamic effect on the fis

A preliminary investigation into the effects of a sex-reversal androgen, methyltestosterone, on food utilization and growth of Sarotherodon niloticus (L) fry

Three groups of Sarotherodon niloticus fry were fed for 8 weeks on diets either treated with 17- & methyltestosterone (MT), alcohol (CA), or untreated (CO). Growth rate and food utilization in the different groups were compared. Results indicate that the best growth, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Mean Growth Rate (MGR) were obtained with the MT diet. There was no significant difference (P 0.05) in growth and food utilization of the CA and CO fry, nor in the mortality rate of the 3 treatments. The androgen, methyltestosterone promotes growth and protein anabolism without producing toxic effects in S. niloticu

A Knowledge Synthesis of Anti-Black Racism in Accounting Research

This structured literature review synthesizes studies that have investigated questions related to anti-Black racism—namely, the discrimination and marginalization of Black people—in the accountancy literature and identifies opportunities for future research. This study is part of a larger research project that reviewed 161 articles and identified four themes relevant to accounting research on discrimination in general: anti-Black racism, imperialism and postcolonialism, intersectionality, and diversity. Based on the 25 anti-Black racism articles reviewed, this paper finds four key subthemes: demand for accountancy services and racial discrimination in accountancy practice, the racialization of professional accounting qualifications, Black professionals in academia, and the supply-side fallacy. Furthermore, because studies at the intersection of anti-Black racism and accounting are limited, this study proposes future research directions that will advance knowledge on various topics related to anti-Black racism

The role of accounting in the delivery of health care to Canada’s Aboriginal population

This study examines the role that accounting plays in the delivery of health care to Canada’s First Nations, relying on the Health Centre of the Paul Band as a case study. While prior studies of relations between government and First Nations have focused on power, this study explores how relationships are formed and sustained in a network of actors with divergent interests. Drawing on practice theory (Schatzki, (1996) and Actor Network Theory (Latour, 1987), I investigate how accounting functions as a control device, and the role it plays in causing and resolving tensions in the network. The study also highlights how health care actors who are employees of both Government and the health center translate expressed government strategies into practices that sometimes produce unintended consequences. The study furthers understandings of Government-First Nations relationships and shows reasons that the outcomes of First Nations health care may be sub-par despite current levels of government spending. The variation in outcomes of health care in this band compared with outcomes for non-First Nations Canadians is explained through a novel concept (Structure Vs Practice), which reveals themes common to oppressive relations faced by First Nations in Canada and other countries. In conclusion, I propose that five themes bear on the outcomes of Canada’s First Nations health care programs: funding, barriers, enforcement, compliance, and self-determination

Effects of dietary β-carotene on growth and pigmentation of ornamental carp (koi, Cyprinus carpio L.)

The study aimed at testing the effects of dietary β-carotene supplementation on growth, feed utilization and pigmentation of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry (mean weight 0.43±0.00g and total length of 1.34±0.00cm). Five levels of carotenoid concentrations (0.00, 0.003, 0.006, 0.008, 0.010g/kg) were employed to formulate a 38.00% protein balanced diet. The diets were designated and referred to as Control, Diet 1, Diet 2, Diet 3 and Diet 4 respectively. Fish were stocked at 10fish/15.6litre capacity aquaria and reared for 12weeks. Fry were fed in triplicates at 5% body weight. The database was analyzed and results revealed a dose dependent percentage weight gain with koi carp treated with the extracts experiencing 667.44±10.48%, 691.47±2.79%, 865.12±16.33% and 854.34±12.42% for Diets 1 to 4 respectively. Proximate analysis of fish flesh revealed no significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments in all the parameters. Astaxanthin dominated the body of koi carp, regardless of the concentrations of dietary β-carotene included in the diets. Survival rates were generally high and was not particularly dependent on carotenoid inclusion level. Inference from the study showed that β-carotene at 0.003g/kg to 0.010g/kg inclusion in the diets resulted in increased food conversion, mean weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio. Keywords: β-carotene, growth, survival, feed utilization, koi carp

Numerical Transient Thermal Development of Melting a Solid Filament in a Hot-end of a Material Extrusion System

Additive manufacturing of polymer feedstock in the form of solid filament is challenging due to heat transfer limitations. The ease of melting the filament in the liquefier influences the production rate and life cycle of the hot-end components. This study presents numerical transient thermal development during the melting of the solid filament in the liquefier. The sample filament material selected for the study is a tough polylactic acid (TPLA). The transient computation of thermal distribution and liquid fraction evolution was performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) commercial software. However, the numerical model formulations cannot be directly applied to the available CFD software. Therefore, a user-defined function (UDF) was written and interfaced with the CFD software for the properties field-dependent functions. Special care was taken to capture the motion of the solid filament by patching the velocity explicitly in the flow domain. One simulation was performed without accounting for the velocity of the translating solid filament and the result obtained revealed that the case that accounts for the velocity of the solid filament predicts the infrared thermographic measured nozzle exit temperature of the extrudate more accurately. Also, a steady thermal development was achieved in the hot end after 25 seconds. The transient thermal analysis can be useful for a better understanding of melting dynamics in the liquefier and assist in process control planning.Mechanical Engineerin