Annotation-Scheme Reconstruction for "Fake News" and Japanese Fake News Dataset

Fake news provokes many societal problems; therefore, there has been extensive research on fake news detection tasks to counter it. Many fake news datasets were constructed as resources to facilitate this task. Contemporary research focuses almost exclusively on the factuality aspect of the news. However, this aspect alone is insufficient to explain "fake news," which is a complex phenomenon that involves a wide range of issues. To fully understand the nature of each instance of fake news, it is important to observe it from various perspectives, such as the intention of the false news disseminator, the harmfulness of the news to our society, and the target of the news. We propose a novel annotation scheme with fine-grained labeling based on detailed investigations of existing fake news datasets to capture these various aspects of fake news. Using the annotation scheme, we construct and publish the first Japanese fake news dataset. The annotation scheme is expected to provide an in-depth understanding of fake news. We plan to build datasets for both Japanese and other languages using our scheme. Our Japanese dataset is published at https://hkefka385.github.io/dataset/fakenews-japanese/.Comment: 13th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), 202

Precipitant-Free Lysozyme Crystals Grown by Centrifugal Concentration Reveal Structural Changes

The three-dimensional (3D) structure of a protein molecule in its crystal need not correspond to that found in vivo in many cases, since we usually crystallize protein molecules using precipitants (salts, organic solvents, polymeric electrolytes, etc.), and the precipitants are often incorporated into crystals along with the protein molecules. Although precipitant-free crystallization methods would solve these problems, such methods had not yet been established. We have achieved a novel precipitant-free crystallization method by liquid-liquid phase separation during the centrifugal concentration of lysozyme in ultra-pure water. In the 3D structure of the precipitant-free crystal, lysozyme loses a sodium cation and changes the position of Ser 72. Deionization of the solution also appears to induce a change in the position of Asp 101 and an increase in the activity of lysozyme

チュウガクセイ ノ ガッショウ オト トリ ヨウ オンゲン CD ノ セイサク ト ソノ リヨウ ニツイテ 2

Junior high school students are not always able to sight-sing in a chorus. As the grade goes up, sightreading becomes more and more difficult in music class. Nowadays, many "Rehearsal CDs" or so-called "Single-parts CDs" are on the market, but they are not always usable in class at junior high school because of the copyright. This paper, the sequel to last year, reports on the process of making a new "Rehearsal CD" of the "Hallelujah" chorus of Handel\u27s Messiah to support music classes for third-year students at Fuzoku middle school attached to Naruto University of Education. It reports also on the usability of the CD through video-based class observation and an interview with the music teacher

Bioavailability of prenyl quercetin

Prenyl flavonoids are widely distributed in plant foods and have attracted appreciable attention in relation to their potential benefits for human health. Prenylation may enhance the biological functions of flavonoids by introducing hydrophobic properties in their basic structures. Previously, we found that 8-prenyl naringenin exerted a greater preventive effect on muscle atrophy than nonprenylated naringenin in a mouse model. Here, we aimed to estimate the effect of prenylation on the bioavailability of dietary quercetin (Q). The cellular uptake of 8-prenyl quercetin (PQ) and Q in Caco-2 cells and C2C12 myotube cells was examined. Prenylation significantly enhanced the cellular uptake by increasing the lipophilicity in both cell types. In Caco-2 cells, efflux of PQ to the basolateral side was <15% of that of Q, suggesting that prenylation attenuates transport from the intestine to the circulation. After intragastric administration of PQ or Q to mice or rats, the area under the concentration-time curve for PQ in plasma and lymph was 52.5% and 37.5% lower than that of Q, respectively. PQ and its O-methylated form (MePQ) accumulated at much higher amounts than Q and O-methylated Q in the liver (Q: 3400%; MePQ: 7570%) and kidney (Q: 385%; MePQ: 736%) of mice after 18 d of feeding. These data suggest that prenylation enhances the accumulation of Q in tissues during long-term feeding, even though prenylation per se lowers its intestinal absorption from the diet

チュウガクセイ ノ ガッショウ オト トリ ヨウ オンゲン CD ノ セイサク ト ソノ リヨウ ニツイテ

Junior high school students are not always able to sight−sing in a chorus. As the grade goes up, sight−reading becomes more and more difficult in music class. Nowadays, many "Rehearsal CDs" or so−called "Single−parts CDs" are on the market, but they are not always usable in class at junior high school because of the copyright. This paper reports on the process of making a new "Rehearsal CD” of the “Hallelujah" chorus of Handel’s Messiah to support music classes for third−year students at Fuzoku middle school attached to Naruto University of Education. It reports also on the usability of the CD through video−based class observation and an interview with the music teacher

Wasabi increases insulin sensitivity ant attenuates glomerular hyperfiltration and proteinuria in insulin-resistant diabetes of fructose-fed Wistar rats

過剰なフルクトース負荷は2型糖尿病を発症させることが報告されている。本研究では、わさびの水抽出エキスがフルクトース負荷ラットでみられるインスリン抵抗性を軽減するか否かについて検討した。Wistarラットを、1)15%フルクトース溶液群、 2)15%のフルクトース溶液及び10%わさぴ水抽出物群、または 3)水投与群の3群に分け、6週間経過観察した。実験最終に24時間尿を採取し、麻酔下に血液及び臓器を摘出し以後の実験に用いた。3群間で体重及ぴ収縮期血圧に変化はみられなかったが、フルクトース負荷群では大動脈壁の重量が増加し、これはわさび投与群で有意に軽減した。フルクトース負荷では、血糖及び血漿インスリン濃度が有意に増加し、インスリン抵抗性の指標であるHOMA-R値は水投与群に比して有意に高値であった。血糖及びインスリン濃度の上昇はわさび群では有意に軽減し、水投与群との間に差がみられなかった。フルクトース負荷によるインスリン感受性の低下は、糸球体濾過量の増加を伴っており、尿量、尿中ナトリウム排泄量及び尿中タンパク排泄量が有意に高値を示した。わさび抽出物の投与により、尿量、尿中ナトリウム排泄量及びタンパク排泄量は低下し、水投与群との間で差はみられなかった。高速液体クロマトグラフィー分析により、わさび抽出物には強力な酸素ラジカル・スカベン ジャーである6 メチルスルフィニル ヘキシル イソチオ シアン酸 (6MSITC) が含有されることが示されたが、わさび抽出物中の6MSITC量はインスリン感受性の改善に必要とされる量より低いことが明らかとなったことから、わさび抽出物中のインスリン抵抗性の改善には、6MSITC以外の物質の関与も示唆された。Fructose loading results in the development of type-2 diabetes. In the present study we examined whether Wasabi extract attenuates insulin resistance in fructose-loaded Wistar rats.The rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1) rats given 15% fructose solution, 2) rats given 15% fructose and 10% Wasabi extracts, and 3) rats given water. They were maintained for 6 weeks. There were no differences in body weight or systolic blood pressure among the three experimental groups. Weights of aortic walls increased with fructose loading and this was abolished with Wasabi extracts treatments. Fructose loading significantly increased plasma insulin concentrations in association with increased plasma glucose levels, thereby increasing levels of HOMA-R, an indicator of insulin resistance. These alterations were reversed with Wasabi extract to normal levels as in control rats. Decreased insulin sensitivity was associated with glomerular hyperfiltration and increases in urine volume, and urinary sodium and protein excretion. These altered urinary parameters in fructose loading were significantly attenuated with treatment with Wasabi extracts. Wasabi extracts contain a potent oxygen radical scavenger, 6-methylsulfinyl hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) as assessed by C₁₈ reversed phase HPLC; however, the amount of 6-MSITC present was much lower than the amount required to restore insulin sensitivity. These results suggest that Wasabi extracts attenuate insulin resistance induced by fructose loading, and this is associated with decreased glomerular hyperfiltration and urinary protein excretion. These benefits may be attributed to substances other than 6-MSITC in Wasabi extracts

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Annotation-Scheme Reconstruction for “Fake News” and Japanese Fake News Dataset

Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022), Marseille, 20-25 June 2022Fake news provokes many societal problems; therefore, there has been extensive research on fake news detection tasks to counter it. Many fake news datasets were constructed as resources to facilitate this task. Contemporary research focuses almost exclusively on the factuality aspect of the news. However, this aspect alone is insufficient to explain “fake news,” which is a complex phenomenon that involves a wide range of issues. To fully understand the nature of each instance of fake news, it is important to observe it from various perspectives, such as the intention of the false news disseminator, the harmfulness of the news to our society, and the target of the news. We propose a novel annotation scheme with fine-grained labeling based on detailed investigations of existing fake news datasets to capture these various aspects of fake news. Using the annotation scheme, we construct and publish the first Japanese fake news dataset. The annotation scheme is expected to provide an in-depth understanding of fake news. We plan to build datasets for both Japanese and other languages using our scheme. Our Japanese dataset is published at https://hkefka385.github.io/dataset/fakenews-japanese/