Complete infrared view of the 70-month Swift/BAT (non-beamed) AGN catalog

<p>Torus/host galaxy studies of AGN</p

Supplementary Material for: Utility of an Internal Retractor (EndoGrab) for the Management of the Vesicouterine Ligament during Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The study aims to prevent serious urologic injury during a radical hysterectomy; we propose that one of the most important procedural steps is the careful management of the vesicouterine ligament (VUL). <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> Between January 2013 and October 2014, we used a novel internal retractor in 17 patients undergoing a laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) for early-stage cervical cancer to obtain and secure a better surgical view. For management of the VUL during the laparoscopic procedure, we routinely used an internal retractor (EndoGrab; Virtual Ports, Misgav, Israel) and vessel tape to reposition the ureter in a safe lateral-caudal direction. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Using an EndoGrab, we were easily able to reproduce a suitable surgical view that simulated the one obtained by an abdominal route for radical hysterectomy. Using this improved laparoscopic procedure, we completed radical hysterectomies in all 17 cases without a ureteral injury complication. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our modified method using an EndoGrab is effective for the prevention of ureteral injury during a LRH, and its ease of use makes it suitable even for those surgeons early in their laparoscopic learning curve

Supplementary Material for: Involvement of the Orexin System in Adrenal Sympathetic Regulation

Orexin (hypocretin) is a neuropeptide secreted from hypothalamic neurons that is known to be activated during motivated behaviors and active waking. Presently, our knowledge of orexin is mainly limited to the central nervous system, and the involvement of the orexin system in peripheral tissues has received little attention. In the present study, we analyzed the existence of the orexin system in the adrenal medulla, which is part of the sympathetic nervous system. Orexin and its receptors are expressed in the bovine adrenal medulla. Orexins stimulated intracellular calcium changes and epinephrine release from cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Applied orexin decreased expression of prepro-orexin, orexin receptor-1 and orexin receptor-2, suggesting negative feedback regulation in the adrenal gland. Our results indicate involvement of the orexin system in the sympathetic regulation of the adrenal medulla

Supplementary Material for: Overexpression of VSNL1 enhances cell proliferation in colorectal carcinogenesis

Introduction: We have previously reported that overexpression of VSNL1 (Visinin-like protein 1) is frequently observed in advanced colorectal adenocarcinomas and correlates with poorer prognosis. In this study, we determined the levels of VSNL1 expression in the earlier stages of colorectal tumors including adenomas and adenocarcinomas, and attempted to clarify the functional significance of VSNL1 overexpression in colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods: Levels of VSNL expression in colorectal tumor tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The effects of VSNL1 downregulation and overexpression on cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and invasiveness were determined using two VSNL1-overexpressing colorectal cancer cell lines, CW-2 and HCT116 and VSNL1 inducibly expressing SNU-C5, respectively. Gene expression signatures in VSNL1-downregulated CW-2 and HCT116 were identified using transcriptome and gene set enrichment analyses. Results: VSNL1 expression was restricted to only a few crypt cells in the non-tumorous epithelium, whereas it became enhanced in adenomas and adenocarcinomas with the progression of tumorigenesis. Downregulation of VSNL1 in CW-2 and HCT116 cells suppressed their proliferation through induction of apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of VSNL1 in SNU-C5 cells enhanced resistance to anoikis. Transcriptome and gene set enrichment analyses revealed that downregulation of VSNL1 altered the expression level of the apoptosis-related gene set in CW-2 and HCT116 cells. Conclusion: VSNL1 plays a role in both the development and progression of colorectal tumors by enhancing cell viability

Supplementary Material for: Overexpression of VSNL1 enhances cell proliferation in colorectal carcinogenesis

Introduction: We have previously reported that overexpression of VSNL1 (Visinin-like protein 1) is frequently observed in advanced colorectal adenocarcinomas and correlates with poorer prognosis. In this study, we determined the levels of VSNL1 expression in the earlier stages of colorectal tumors including adenomas and adenocarcinomas, and attempted to clarify the functional significance of VSNL1 overexpression in colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods: Levels of VSNL expression in colorectal tumor tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The effects of VSNL1 downregulation and overexpression on cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and invasiveness were determined using two VSNL1-overexpressing colorectal cancer cell lines, CW-2 and HCT116 and VSNL1 inducibly expressing SNU-C5, respectively. Gene expression signatures in VSNL1-downregulated CW-2 and HCT116 were identified using transcriptome and gene set enrichment analyses. Results: VSNL1 expression was restricted to only a few crypt cells in the non-tumorous epithelium, whereas it became enhanced in adenomas and adenocarcinomas with the progression of tumorigenesis. Downregulation of VSNL1 in CW-2 and HCT116 cells suppressed their proliferation through induction of apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of VSNL1 in SNU-C5 cells enhanced resistance to anoikis. Transcriptome and gene set enrichment analyses revealed that downregulation of VSNL1 altered the expression level of the apoptosis-related gene set in CW-2 and HCT116 cells. Conclusion: VSNL1 plays a role in both the development and progression of colorectal tumors by enhancing cell viability

Supplementary Material for: Multicenter retrospective analysis of original versus modified FOLFIRINOX in metastatic pancreatic cancer: Results of the NAPOLEON study

Introduction: Original FOLFIRINOX (oFFX) is more toxic than other regimens for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC); therefore, a modified FFX (mFFX) regimen with a reduced dosage has been used in Japanese clinical practice. However, very few studies have compared these two regimens. Methods: This study was conducted as part of a multicenter retrospective study of 318 patients with mPC across 14 centers in Japan (NAPOLEON study). To control for potential bias and confounders, we conducted a propensity score-adjusted analysis of patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. Results: oFFX and mFFX were administered to 48 and 54 patients. More patients with younger age and poorer performance status were included in the oFFX group. The overall survival (OS; median, 11.6 vs. 11.3 months; hazard ratio (HR), 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60-1.40; p=0.67), progression-free survival (PFS) (median, 6.3 vs. 5.7 months; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.56-1.28; p=0.44), and overall response rate (29 vs. 26%, p=0.71) were not significantly different for the oFFX and mFFX groups. Thrombopenia and liver dysfunction were significantly more frequent with oFFX than with mFFX. The median received dose intensity of CPT-11 was higher with oFFX than with mFFX (299 vs. 270 mg/m2/week, p <0.01). The propensity score-adjusted analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in OS and PFS between the two groups. Conclusion: In our data, there was no significant difference in efficacy between mFFX and oFFX, and mFFX has fewer adverse events