Extração de compostos fenólicos provenientes de folhas de uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess.) empregando solventes eutéticos profundos (DES)

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos R. MafraCoorientadora: Dra. Fabiane Oliveira FariasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos. Defesa : Curitiba, 09/03/2020Inclui referências: p. 75-85Resumo: A uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess.) é uma espécie nativa que exibe alto valor nutricional e farmacológico, interligado a presença de compostos antioxidantes. Suas folhas ainda pouco exploradas, podem ser reaproveitadas com o objetivo de gerar co-produtos de alta qualidade com propriedades bioativas de aplicação industrial. O processo de extração sólido-líquido (ESL) é uma operação unitária que possibilita a obtenção de biocompostos por meio da transferência de massa mediante a aplicação de um solvente. O uso de solventes orgânicos gera aspectos negativos oriundos de sua alta toxicidade, emprego de grandes quantidades de solvente e possível degradação da matriz. Os solventes eutéticos profundos (DES) correspondem a uma classe recente de solventes verdes de baixa toxicidade, com elevado potencial de aplicação, principalmente em matrizes de origem vegetal. Nesse sentido, folhas de uvaia foram selecionadas, caracterizadas por meio de análises físico-químicas e submetidas ao processo de extração, variando as condições de tempo, temperatura e proporção (m·v-1) empregando com os DES. Doadores de hidrogênio, água e etanol foram testados a nível de comparação com os DES. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos em extração do tipo convencional, sendo os melhores resultados, comparados a técnica assistida por ultrassom (UAE). A avaliação dos extratos foi conduzida através das análises de atividade antioxidante, fenólicos totais e flavonoides. O potencial antimicrobiano foi verificado para os melhores DES pelo teste de disco de difusão. Dentre as condições avaliadas, os melhores resultados foram obtidos à 65 °C, com tempo de 150 minutos e proporção 1:30 (m·v-1). Os DES formados a partir de cloreto de colina:ácido lático; cloreto de colina:glicerol e cloreto de colina:1,2 - propanodiol foram selecionados por apresentarem os maiores rendimentos de extração e de atividade antioxidante. Com relação a eficiência de extração o DES formado a partir do ácido lático exibiu maiores quantidades dos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante. Para efeito de comparação foi avaliada a extração empregando DES hidrofóbico, formado a partir de mentol e ácido lático, sendo observado que o extrato obtido a partir desse solvente apresenta maior conteúdo de flavonoides totais. Sobre a extração conduzida em UAE, houve um aumento significativo em todas as análises realizadas. O DES formado por cloreto de colina:ácido lático não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tempos de 30 minutos e 90 minutos de extração. Com relação a atividade antimicrobiana, não foi observado halos de inibição significantes para nenhum dos extratos avaliados, indicando que não houve ação antimicrobiana. Palavras-chave: Solventes verdes. Atividade Antioxidante. Atividade Antimicrobiana. Extração Assistida por Ultrassom.Abstract: The uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess.) is a native plant that shows high nutritional and pharmacological content, linked to the presence of antioxidant compounds. The leaves still unexplored, can be reused to generate co-products with high-quality correlated to the bioactive properties for industrial applications. The solid-liquid extraction (ESL) is a unit operation that makes it possible to obtain biocompounds by the principle of mass transfer employing a solvent. The use of organic solvents produces negative aspects such as high toxicity, requires large amounts of solvent and degradation of the leave compounds. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) correspond to a novel class of green solvents with low toxicity, high potential applications for plants. Uvaia leaves were selected, characterized by physical-chemical analyzes and submitted to the extraction process, varying the conditions of time, temperature, and ratio (m·v-1) using the DES. Donors of hydrogen, water, and ethanol were tested to compare extraction capableness. All tests were conducted in conventional extraction, and the best results were compared to the ultrasound-assisted technique (UAE). The evaluation of the extracts was carried out by the antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoids analysis. The antimicrobial potential was evaluated for the best DES by the disk diffusion test. Among the conditions appraised, the best results were obtained at 65 ° C, with a time of 150 minutes, and a ratio of 1:30 (g·mL-1). DES formed by choline chloride: lactic acid; choline chloride: glycerol and choline chloride: 1,2 - propanediol were selected due to the highest extraction and antioxidant yields. Regarding extraction performance, DES formed from lactic acid exhibited higher amounts of total phenolics and antioxidant activity. For comparison, extraction was conducted using hydrophobic DES, formed by menthol and lactic acid, and it was observed that the extract obtained from this solvent has a higher content of total flavonoids. About the extraction conducted in the UAE, there was a significant improvement in all analyses performed. The DES formed by choline chloride: lactic acid showed no significant difference between the times of 30 minutes and 90 minutes of extraction. Concerning antimicrobial activity, was notice no significant inhibition halos to any of the extracts evaluated, indicating that there was no antimicrobial action. Keywords: Green solvents. Antioxidant Activity. Antimicrobial Activity. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

On the Bio-Rearrangement into Fully Saturated Fatty Acids-Containing Triglyceride in Aurantiochytrium sp

AbstractA strain of Aurantiochytrium sp. was grown in media with various concentrations of glucose to monitor triglyceride production as a potential source of oil for biodiesel. The fatty acid composition of triglyceride in the strain was unique, because the fatty acids consisted of only 6 molecular species, and the major species were myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, heptadecanoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids. When cells were cultured in glucose-rich (over 9%) medium for 4 days, the triglyceride yields were 0.5-1.0g/L. After culture for 4 days, the fatty acid composition of triglyceride was nearly identical in all cells grown in media containing various concentrations of glucose. However, when cells were grown in medium containing 12% glucose for 12 days, unique triglyceride containing only saturated fatty acids accumulated. This bio-rearrangement into fully-saturated fatty acids-containing triglyceride may be utilized for the preparation of biodiesel oil

Relationship between lymphangiogenesis and exudates during the wound-healing process of mouse skin full-thickness wound

金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系We considered the relationship among exudate, wound area, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and reepithelialization during wound healing. Full-thickness wounds were made on the dorsum of mice. The weight of exudate absorbed into the dressing as well as the wound area was determined daily. Sections of the wounds were stained with anti-LYVE-1 and CD31 antibodies. Indian ink was injected into the wound for observing the movement of the exudate on days 3, 5, and 7 after wounding. New epithelium completely covered the wound on day 11. The quantity of exudate peaked on day 1, and then rapidly decreased until it was undetectable on day 11. Most of the Indian ink injected into the wound was retained within the wound and did not flow into the surrounding tissue. New blood vessels showed a uniform distribution in the granulation tissue on day 5. New lymphatics appeared in the granulation tissue approximately 2 days later than the blood vessels and they were distributed toward the center of the granulation tissue on day 11. Thus, reduction of exudate from the wound appears to be related to blood vessels, not lymphatics. However, increasing lymphatics may play a role in the late phase of the wound-healing process. © 2009 by the Wound Healing Society

Isolation and characterization of a virus (CvV-BW1) that infects symbiotic algae of Paramecium bursaria in Lake Biwa, Japan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We performed an environmental study of viruses infecting the symbiotic single-celled algae of <it>Paramecium bursaria </it>(<it>Paramecium bursaria Chlorella </it>virus, PBCV) in Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan. The viruses detected were all <it>Chlorella variabilis </it>virus (CvV = NC64A virus). One of them, designated CvV-BW1, was subjected to further characterization.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CvV-BW1 formed small plaques and had a linear DNA genome of 370 kb, as judged by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Restriction analysis indicated that CvV-BW1 DNA belongs to group H, one of the most resistant groups among CvV DNAs. Based on a phylogenetic tree constructed using the <it>dnapol </it>gene, CvV was classified into two clades, A and B. CvV-BW1 belonged to clade B, in contrast to all previously identified virus strains of group H that belonged to clade A.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that CvV-BW1 composes a distinct species within <it>C. variabilis </it>virus.</p

Ultraviolet Action Spectrum and Effect of EPC-K1 on Ultraviolet Radiation-induced Injury in Cultured Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes

This study was aimed to determine the ultraviolet (UV: 235-310nm) action spectrum for killing normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and to investigate the preventive effect of EPC-K1, a phosphate diester of vitamin C and vitamin E on UV radiation-induced NHEK injury. NHEK were cultured in EpiLife medium supplemented with Human Keratinocyte Growth Supplement Kit. NHEK viability was determined by crystal violet (CV) staining 48 h after the UV irradiation. The mRNA expressions of the C/EBP homologous protein (Chop) transcription factor and endoplasmic reticulum-resident molecular chaperone, Bip, were determined by RT-PCR analyses. UV was especially effective in killing NHEK when applied in the wavelength region of 250-280nm. The minimum exposure dose required to kill 50% of cells (LD50) was 1.64mJ/cm2 at 269nm. At 235 and 310nm, the LD50 for NHEK was 6.62 and 293mJ/cm2, respectively. Irradiation of 660-mJ/cm2 at 310nm significantly decreased the cell viability to 30% of control (without irradiation). The addition of 0.1mM EPC-K1 after irradiation returned the cell viability to 118%. Six hours after the 660-mJ/cm2 irradiation at 310nm, Chop and Bip mRNA levels in NHEK were increased to 487% and 283%, respectively, and were not significantly affected by EPC-K1. Chop and Bip are responsive to ER stress. These results suggested that EPC-K1 exerts a protective effect against UV-induced NHEK injury, and further studies should investigate the molecular mechanism underlying this effect

Fuzzy Rolling Control of High-speed Catamaran

The high-speed catamaran boat used by this study has attached trim tabs to the stern both sides as the antirolling device for reducing the rolling. A PD control was initially employed in the system, and the observed data from the instrument showed the anti-rolling effect. However no significant improvement was observed for passengers although instrumental data showed good results. Therefore, it is not evaluated highly as the anti-rolling device. In this paper, fuzzy control system is applied to the anti-rolling device of a high-speed catamaran boat in order to improve the passenger comfort. Measurements of rolling data using the real ship were carried out. From the analysis results of the frequency analysis, the presented fuzzy control system suppressed the rolling of ship about 60% in maximum peak than the PD control. Also, crews have felt the anti-rolling effect of the fuzzy control, and it showed that this system provided good comfort ride.本研究で扱う高速双胴船には,横揺れの低減のためのアンチ・ローリング装置として,両側の船尾にト リムタブが取り付けられている.この装置の制御にはPD制御が用いられており,計測器から得られるデー タより,減揺効果がある程度認められている.しかし,実際の乗客の体感としては,さほど効果が得られ ておらず,減揺装置としては高い評価が得られていない.そこで本論文では,乗客の乗り心地を改善する ために,高速双胴船のアンチ・ローリング装置の制御にファジィ制御を用いる.実船における実験より, ローリングデータを計測し,周波数分析を行った.分析結果より,最大ピーク時でファジィ制御の方がPD 制御より約60%揺動が抑制されていた.また,ファジィ制御の揺動抑制効果は乗組員によっても体感する ことができ,スムーズな制御を感じることができた

Salivary Effects of Facial Vibrotactile Stimulation in Patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome and Poor Salivation

We examined the effect of vibrotactile apparatus in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome and others with reduced salivation in comparison to normal subjects. The most effective salivation in normal subjects was produced by 89 Hz vibrotactile stimulation with 9.8 μm amplitude on the parotid or submandibular glands vibrotactile stimuli. First, we examined by measuring the weight of dental cotton rolls positioned at the opening of the secretory duct for total salivation 3 min during resting, and then after 5-min intervals, the weights were measured every 3 min of vibrotactile stimulation on salivary glands. Furthermore, we measured facial temperature around vibrators after 2 min of vibration. We investigated 10 poor salivation patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (8 patients) defined by examinations (contrast study or scintigraphic test) and others (2 patients). About 50% of patients with poor salivation gained recognition for good results, although they had periods of short-term (3 months) and long-term effects (6–7 years) during recuperation. Furthermore, facial skin temperatures on both sides of parotid glands were decreased in Sjogren’s syndrome after vibration, although their temperatures were increased following recovery. Although the mechanism is not clear, we think that vibrotactile stimulation gives activation to salivary glands under the rising facial temperature

PVL:Private Virtual Library in Advanced Information Network Environment

As network society grows rapidly and globally, information sources, such as digital libraries(DL) , databases, have been built over Internet These sources are becoming digital assets containing a huge volume of multimedia contents. In this paper, we propose PVL, a private virtual library, in which a user can use information of heterogeneous data type from these sources as well as real-time data obtained from cameras and VOD servers in the advanced information networks. Our main theme is to realize a flexible virtual library that enables users to customize the system privately in a bottom-up fashion, in every aspect of intelligent information media PVL is realized with repositories composed of data warehouse and heterogeneous mirrors, and autonomous agents that work cooperatively. We describe fundamental constructs of PVL in the paper

VLBI Astrometry of AGB Variables with VERA -- A Semiregular Variable S Crateris --

We present a distance measurement for the semiregular variable S Crateris (S Crt) based on its annual parallax. With the unique dual beam system of the VLBI Exploration for Radio Astrometry (VERA) telescopes, we measured the absolute proper motion of a water maser spot associated with S Crt, referred to the quasar J1147-0724 located at an angular separation of 1.23$^{\circ}$. In observations spanning nearly two years, we have detected the maser spot at the LSR velocity of 34.7 km s$^{-1}$, for which we measured the annual parallax of 2.33$\pm$0.13 mas corresponding to a distance of 430$^{+25}_{-23}$ pc. This measurement has an accuracy one order of magnitude better than the parallax measurements of HIPPARCOS. The angular distribution and three-dimensional velocity field of maser spots indicate a bipolar outflow with the flow axis along northeast-southwest direction. Using the distance and photospheric temperature, we estimate the stellar radius of S Crt and compare it with those of Mira variables.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ (Vol.60, No.5, October 25, VERA special issue