子宮頸管内のMUC5BとMUC5ACは妊娠中の上行性感染を防御する

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第24514号医博第4956号新制||医||1064(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 長尾 美紀, 教授 中川 一路, 教授 杉田 昌彦学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Dominant non-local superconducting proximity effect due to electron-electron interaction in a ballistic double nanowire

Cooper pair splitting (CPS) can induce non-local correlation between two normal conductors coupling to a superconductor. CPS into a double one-dimensional electron gas is an appropriate platform for extracting large amount of entangled electron pairs and one of the key ingredients for engineering Majorana Fermions with no magnetic field. Here we study CPS using a Josephson junction of a gate-tunable ballistic InAs double nanowire. The measured switching current into the two nanowires significantly larger than sum of that into the respective nanowires, indicating the inter-wire superconductivity dominant compared to the intra-wire superconductivity. From dependence on the number of propagating channels in the nanowires, the observed CPS is assigned to one-dimensional electron-electron interaction. Our results will pave the way for utilizing one-dimensional electron-electron interaction to reveal physics of high-efficient CPS and engineer Majorana Fermions in double nanowire systems via CPS

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment, Glycometabolism, and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

PURPOSE: In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the loss of cerebral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that are implicated in higher brain functions has been reported. However, it is unclear if nAChR deficits occur in association with cognitive impairments. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between nAChR deficits and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of AD (APP/PS2 mice). PROCEDURES: The cognitive abilities of APP/PS2 and wild-type mice (aged 2-16 months) were evaluated using the novel object recognition test. Double-tracer autoradiography analyses with 5-[125I]iodo-A-85380 ([125I]5IA: α4β2 nAChR imaging probe) and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose were performed in both mice of different ages. [123I]5IA-single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) imaging was also performed in both mice at 12 months of age. Furthermore, each age cohort was investigated for changes in cognitive ability and expression levels of α7 nAChRs and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the APP/PS2 and wild-type mice at 2-6 months of age in terms of novel object recognition memory; subsequently, however, APP/PS2 mice showed a clear cognitive deficit at 12 months of age. [125I]5IA accumulation decreased in the brains of 12-month-old APP/PS2 mice, i.e., at the age at which cognitive impairments were first observed; this result was supported by a reduction in the protein levels of α4 nAChRs using Western blotting. nAChR deficits could be noninvasively detected by [123I]5IA-SPECT in vivo. In contrast, no significant changes in glycometabolism, expression levels of α7 nAChRs, or NMDARs were associated with cognitive impairments in APP/PS2 mice. CONCLUSION: A decrease in cerebral α4β2 nAChR density could act as a biomarker reflecting cognitive impairments associated with AD pathology