Safety comparisons among monoamine oxidase inhibitors against Parkinson’s disease using FDA adverse event reporting system

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors are used to control Parkinson’s disease (PD). Selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide are widely used as MAO-B inhibitors worldwide. Although these drugs inhibit MAO-B, there are pharmacological and chemical differences, such as the inhibitory activity, the non-dopaminergic properties in safinamide, and the amphetamine-like structure in selegiline. MAO-B inhibitors may differ in adverse events (AEs). However, differences in actual practical clinics are not fully investigated. A retrospective study was conducted using FAERS, the largest database of spontaneous adverse events. AE signals for MAO-B inhibitors, including selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide, were detected using the reporting odds ratio method and compared. Hypocomplementemia, hepatic cyst, hepatic function abnormal, liver disorder and cholangitis were detected for selegiline as drug-specific signals. The amphetamine effect was not confirmed for any of the three MAO-B inhibitors. The tyramine reaction was detected as an AE signal only for rasagiline. Moreover, the REM sleep behavior disorder was not detected as an AE signal for safinamide, suggesting that non-dopaminergic effects might be beneficial. Considering the differences in AEs for MAO-B inhibitors will assist with the appropriate PD medication.Asano H., Tian Y.S., Hatabu A., et al. Safety comparisons among monoamine oxidase inhibitors against Parkinson’s disease using FDA adverse event reporting system. Scientific Reports 13, 19272 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44142-2

オンライン ジュギョウ ニ オケル グループワーク ノ ココロミ ヤクガクブ ２ネンセイ ヲ タイショウ ト シタ ジョウホウ カガク ノ ケイケン カラ

大阪大学では，新型コロナウイルス感染症対策の観点から，2020年度春・夏学期の授業を原則メディア授業で実施する事となった．そこで著者らが夏学期に本学薬学部2年生を対象とした授業「情報科学」において実施したオンライングループワークの取り組み事例と今後の課題について報告する．グループワークの課題は「架空の政策について，利点と欠点を挙げ，政策の導入に賛成または反対の意見をまとめる」とし，3種類の架空の政策を準備した．受講生90人を15グループ（6人1組）に分け，1グループが1つの課題についてディスカッションする事とした．1回90分の授業2回を充て，1回目はグループワーク，2回目は総合討論とした．大阪大学授業支援システム（Collaboration and Learning Environment: CLE）のグループ機能，Blackboard Collaborate Ultra，およびZoomを利用した．教員2名とティーチング・アシスタント7名がグループワークのファシリテーターを務めた．グループワークでは，多くのグループが画面共有やチャット機能を利用していた．また，一部のグループではCLEのファイル交換機能を利用していた．グループ人数とグループ数のバランスは，対面授業での経験を基に決めたが，オンラインに適したグループ構成やスタッフ配置について検討が必要と考えられた．To prevent the spread of COVID-19, classes at Osaka University were mainly administered online during the spring and summer terms of 2020. In this paper, we report on examples of online group work in the Information Science classes for second-year students of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences as well as future issues, with the theme of such work is “to list the advantages and disadvantages of fictitious policies and to conclude opinions for or against the introduction of these policies.” We prepared three fictitious policies. The 90 participants were divided into 15 groups (one group of six people), and each group discussed one fictitious policy. The two 90-minute lessons were dedicated to group work and presentation and discussion, respectively. We used a Collaboration and Learning Environment (CLE), Blackboard Collaborate Ultra (BCU), and Zoom, and two faculty members and seven teaching assistants acted as facilitators. In the group work, many groups used screen sharing and chatted in the BCU, and some relied on the file exchange of the CLE. We decided to balance the number of group members and groups based on the experience in face-to-face classes; however, it might be necessary to consider group composition and staffing of instructors and teaching assistants suitable for online classes.教育実践レポー

A novel transgenic chimaeric mouse system for the rapid functional evaluation of genes encoding secreted proteins

A major challenge of the post-genomic era is the functional characterization of anonymous open reading frames (ORFs) identified by the Human Genome Project. In this context, there is a strong requirement for the development of technologies that enhance our ability to analyze gene functions at the level of the whole organism. Here, we describe a rapid and efficient procedure to generate transgenic chimaeric mice that continuously secrete a foreign protein into the systemic circulation. The transgene units were inserted into the genomic site adjacent to the endogenous immunoglobulin (Ig) κ locus by homologous recombination, using a modified mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line that exhibits a high frequency of homologous recombination at the Igκ region. The resultant ES clones were injected into embryos derived from a B-cell-deficient host strain, thus producing chimaerism-independent, B-cell-specific transgene expression. This feature of the system eliminates the time-consuming breeding typically implemented in standard transgenic strategies and allows for evaluating the effect of ectopic transgene expression directly in the resulting chimaeric mice. To demonstrate the utility of this system we showed high-level protein expression in the sera and severe phenotypes in human EPO (hEPO) and murine thrombopoietin (mTPO) transgenic chimaeras

小児生体肝移植術後におけるマイクロキメリズムの形成について

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第7520号医博第2051号新制||医||700(附属図書館)UT51-98-W264京都大学大学院医学研究科外科系専攻(主査)教授 湊 長博, 教授 桂 義元, 教授 山岡 義生学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA