Changes in Social and Religious Practices of Disputing Communities After Riot: A Case Study on Communal Violence in Ramu

The communal violence of Ramu in 2012 exposed the danger of communal cleavage in Bangladesh before the naked eye. This paper aims to explore the changes in social and religious behaviour of the conflicting or disputing communities after this incident of violence. To do that this it puts light on two areas which are changes in social practices of communities and change in religious practices of the community. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies used here. It founds some permanent changes happened mostly in behavioural mindset and practising religious rituals. Migration or changing of settlement due to security concern, declining of representation in socio-political leadership from the minority community,  rising of lots of organisation from the minority community, a radical shift of religious practices from dawn to dusk, self-imposed restriction on practising religious freedom are few findings of this paper. Justice of the riot, increasing interfaith or interreligious, the neutral role of state could be some steps to way out for preventing permeant changes of the society and restoring the communal harmony. Keywords: Communal Violence,  Social Changes, Religious Practices, Social Media DOI: 10.7176/JPCR/51-03 Publication date: January 31st 202

Spatial and temporal variations of PM10 in Chittagong City

Healthy environment is precondition of good health. Fresh air, pure water and soil are the main component of a healthy environment. Contaminants from different anthropogenic activities and natural sources such as, particulate matter (PM), Oxides of Sulphur (SOx), oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2) etc. contaminate and pollute this natural fresh air and threaten human life as well as environment.Every year the morbidity due to Particulate matter (PM) is about 50% of the total premature morbidity because of air pollution. World Health Organization's (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer classified it as group 1 human carcinogen. Considering its importance, in most of the country, monitoring of particulate matter has been given priority in assessing air quality monitoring. Analyzing the concentrations of particulate matter measured by high volume air sampler from six sampling sites of the city, differences in the concentrations of PM10 were observed in this study. The monthly mean concentration of PM10 hardly remain within the standards of Bangladesh while, the mean annual average of PM10 at all sampling sites was many times higher than the standard of Bangladesh and WHO. As, the concentration of PM10in Chittagong is not praiseworthy enough and indicate a serious threat to human health, strategic air quality management and monitoring system are recommended in this study

Impacts of mangrove plantations on land stabilization along the coastline in Bangladesh

Rapid degradation of stabilized mangrove plantations in the southern and south-eastern part of Bangladesh has raised much concern to the scientists and environmentalists. In the past, land stabilization concept in connection to mangrove plantations is poorly understood. This study aimed at assessing the current status of mangrove plantations and understanding more about their impacts on land stabilization along the coastline of Bangladesh. The study was carried out at five Coastal Afforestation Divisions (here mentioned as CADs) of Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) from September 2014 to August 2015. Primary data on stabilized mangrove plantations over the time period of 1966 - 2014 were collected from BFD field offices. Secondary data on natural accretion and erosion were collected from a large number of existing literatures. The results showed that more than 192,395 ha of mangrove plantations were stabilized over the period from 1966 through 2014 in five CADs with the highest distribution in Noakhali (40%) followed by that in Chittagong (26%), Bhola (20%) and Patuakhali (14%). The total area of stabilized mangroves maintained a significant (

Soil degradation processes under agriculture and the practices to reverse the degradation processes for environmental sustainability

The aim of this review paper is to understand more about soil degradation process under global agriculture and the practices to reverse the degradation process for environmental sustainability. The data and relevant information have been collected from a range of printed and online sources which then represented to fulfill the aim of this review paper. The overall economic growth of an agro-based country depends on the sustainable agricultural ecosystem in connection with the proper management of agricultural soil. Soil degradation is a global crisis that affects the world food economy in terms of improper agricultural practices. The huge population pressure in the developing countries, inequity and poverty in some parts of the world have influenced the farmers for increasing the cultivable land connected to agricultural production. Therefore, the degradation rate in agricultural soil has significantly increased both in developed and developing countries. The EU (European Union) in 2012 has identified eight different threats reducing normal function of the soils. These threats are water and wind erosion, reduction of soil organic matter (SOM), contamination, sealing, compaction, loss of soil biodiversity, salinisation, landslides and floods, desertification and acidification. However, The concept of conservation agriculture (CA) and organic farming are the major issues of the practices to reverse the degradation process of soil although some others practices such as ridge tillage, contour farming, sub-soiling, intercropping, grasslands, agro-forestry, conservation buffers and terracing have been proved beneficial directly in the field. However, improvement and amendment of many suggested technologies considering the adaptation to local physiographic and climatic conditions should be reconsidered soon. Political commitment and government willingness are also important issues for the practices of soil conservation under agriculture. Also, policy makers should be aware of giving emphasis on policy formulation to practice sustainable agriculture in the world because sound soil management policies could be the ways of proper solution to reverse the soil degradation processes under agriculture to ensure environmental sustainability

Case report of jelly fish stinging in Bay of Bengal: A report from Bangladesh

Introduction: Jelly fish or jellies are the members of the phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata), consisting of a gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell and trailing tentacles. Sting contains toxic peptide, pbospholipase A and histamine-liberating factor. Jelly fish stinging in Bangladesh is rare. Yet, from a management point of view, this epizoonozis might gain importance given the ever-growing popularity of seaside fishering and tourism. We are presenting a case of jelly fish contact illness in Cox's Bazar Medical College. Case Report: A 30 year old male patient was stung by a jellyfish while tishering in the Bay of Bengal near Teknaf of Cox's Bazar District on 3rd June' 2013. A couple of minutes later urticaria were formed in the contact area accompanied by a bmniug and sore sensation. Within few minutes be developed severe abdominal pain, bodyache and parestbaesia. Immediate decontmninalion was done by patient himself with sea water though ideally it should be with 5% acetic acid. Routine laboratory investigations show no abnormality except non-significant ST elevation in ECG. The patient was managed conservatively with antihistamine, corticosteroids and antibiotics and recovered completely within four days

GABA mediated response of aqueous, ethanol andethyl acetate extracts of Dicranopteris linearis leaf inSwiss Albino mice

Introduction: The objective of the study was to assess the potential of the leaf of Dicranopteris linearis in altering the CNS functions with three different extracts; aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate.Methods: To evaluate and compare the activities Morris maze, elevated plus maze (EPM),open field, hole cross and head dip tests were performed and many behavioral parameters wereobserved. The forced swim in Morris water maze analyzed the depression of rodents in termsof inability to self-rescue. Alongside, hole cross and open field tests assessed the inhibition oflocomotor activities. Moreover, EPM test screened the anxiolytic potential while the head dippinghole board test supported the previous experiments by evaluating both sedative, depressive andanxiolytic potentials of the extracts.Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract significantly suppressed CNS activity byreducing number of locomotor activities and increasing the stability phase (in EPM and Morrismaze) supporting mild sedation, depression and anxiolysis. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extractalso possessed moderate to high potential in reducing locomotor activities depending on gradientdoses. Results were compared with control group and found statistically significant.Conclusion: As this plant mimic the activity of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, itcan be concluded that the plant may have GABA mediated involvement in central nervous system.However, the responsible compounds for these activities are yet to be investigated and this maypotentiate a new source of drug development