Impact of Household Electricity Consumption on Standard of Living in Nigeria

This study examined the impact of household electricity consumption on standard of living in Nigeria with level of education, poverty rate, per capita income and life expectancy as proxy for standard of living. Deviating from the popular electricity consumption and economic growth nexus, this present study focused on the impact of electricity consumption on the components of standard of living within the period of 1981 to 2017. The study adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound Test in estimating the long-run and short-run relationship of the variables of the model. The study, therefore, found a positive long-run relationship between household electricity consumption and level of education, poverty rate, per capita income and life expectancy. The study also found significant short-run relationship between household electricity consumption and level of education, poverty rate, per capita income and life expectancy. From the outcome of the study, the researcher concluded that household electricity consumption impacted positively on standard of living in Nigeria although the impact is not large as expected. The study, therefore, recommends amongst others, that government should significantly improve power generation and distribution in order to enhance access to electricity consumption among her citizens in order to improve standard of living. Keywords: Household Electricity Consumption (HHEC), Standard of living, Poverty rate, Income per capita and Educational enrollment DOI: 10.7176/JETP/10-1-05 Publication date: February 29th 2020

Community-and proximate-level factors associated with perinatal mortality in Nigeria : evidence from a nationwide household survey

Background: The perinatal mortality rate (PMR) in Nigeria rose by approximately 5% from 39 to 41 deaths per 1000 total births between 2008 and 2013, indicating a reversal in earlier gains. This study sought to identify factors associated with increased PMR. Methods: Nationally representative data including 31,121 pregnancies of 7 months or longer obtained from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey were used to investigate the community-, socio-economic-, proximate- and environmental-level factors related to perinatal mortality (PM). Generalized linear latent and mixed models with the logit link and binomial family that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights was employed for the analyses. Results: Babies born to obese women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.89) and babies whose mothers perceived their body size after birth to be smaller than the average size (aOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.61-2.30) showed greater odds of PM. Babies delivered through caesarean section were more likely to die (aOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 2.02-4.02) than those born through vaginal delivery. Other factors that significantly increased PM included age of the women (≥40 years), living in rural areas, gender (being male) and a fourth or higher birth order with a birth interval ≤ 2 years. Conclusions: Newborn and maternal care interventions are needed, especially for rural communities, that aim at counselling women that are obese. Promoting well-timed caesarean delivery, Kangaroo mother care of small-for-gestational-age babies, child spacing, timely referral for ailing babies and adequate medical check-up for older pregnant women may substantially reduce PM in Nigeria

Spontaneous closure of a superior sagittal sinus dural arteriovenous fistula with an extensive angioarchitectural network: A case report and systematic review of the literature

Background: Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) have been documented to occasionally spontaneously regress. However, the mechanism responsible for this occurrence remains speculative. Methods: We present a case of a Borden II – Cognard IIa+b DAVF involving the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) with bilateral external carotid artery supply that regressed spontaneously. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the current theories explaining the spontaneous regression of DAVFs according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: A total of 26 studies and 54 cases were included in our results. Of the included cases, 57.14% of cases were Borden I, 16.33% were Borden II, and 26.53% were Borden III. Ruptured status or intracranial hemorrhage was documented in 24.1% of all cases, the majority of which (69.2%) were in cases with aggressive lesions (Borden II or greater). The most commonly involved location was the transverse sinus (38.89% of cases, n = 21), and the SSS was only involved in 12.96% of all cases. 50% of included cases proposed a mechanism responsible for spontaneous regression. The most frequently proposed mechanisms were thrombosis of the involved sinus/chronic inflammatory changes or direct endothelial injury, endoluminal stasis, and thrombogenic effects of contrast medium during angiography. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with an aggressive ruptured DAVF that likely developed following a pediatric traumatic brain injury that was left untreated before she presented to our institution after significant delay. Her DAVF regressed on repeat angiography before neurovascular intervention without a clear identifying mechanism as proposed by the current literature. Conclusion: Our results suggest that spontaneous regression is not necessarily associated with lower risk DAVFs. The present case offers a unique long-term insight into the natural history of an aggressive ruptured DAVF of the SSS that regressed without intervention. Further research into the natural history of DAVFs will be helpful in deducing key factors leading to spontaneous regression

Spontaneous closure of a superior sagittal sinus dural arteriovenous fistula with an extensive angioarchitectural network: A case report and systematic review of the literature

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) have been documented to occasionally spontaneously regress. However, the mechanism responsible for this occurrence remains speculative. We present a case of a Borden II - Cognard IIa+b DAVF involving the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) with bilateral external carotid artery supply that regressed spontaneously. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the current theories explaining the spontaneous regression of DAVFs according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 26 studies and 54 cases were included in our results. Of the included cases, 57.14% of cases were Borden I, 16.33% were Borden II, and 26.53% were Borden III. Ruptured status or intracranial hemorrhage was documented in 24.1% of all cases, the majority of which (69.2%) were in cases with aggressive lesions (Borden II or greater). The most commonly involved location was the transverse sinus (38.89% of cases, = 21), and the SSS was only involved in 12.96% of all cases. 50% of included cases proposed a mechanism responsible for spontaneous regression. The most frequently proposed mechanisms were thrombosis of the involved sinus/chronic inflammatory changes or direct endothelial injury, endoluminal stasis, and thrombogenic effects of contrast medium during angiography. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with an aggressive ruptured DAVF that likely developed following a pediatric traumatic brain injury that was left untreated before she presented to our institution after significant delay. Her DAVF regressed on repeat angiography before neurovascular intervention without a clear identifying mechanism as proposed by the current literature. Our results suggest that spontaneous regression is not necessarily associated with lower risk DAVFs. The present case offers a unique long-term insight into the natural history of an aggressive ruptured DAVF of the SSS that regressed without intervention. Further research into the natural history of DAVFs will be helpful in deducing key factors leading to spontaneous regression

Investigating Disparities in Hypopharyngeal/Laryngeal Cancer Survival in Florida With Geospatial Mapping Analysis

Identify predictors of overall survival (OS) after hypopharyngeal/laryngeal cancer in Florida. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS) on patients diagnosed with hypopharyngeal or laryngeal cancer from 2010-2017. Primary outcome was OS. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from univariable and multivariable Cox regression models for OS. Data was analyzed from November 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023. We analyzed 6771 patients, who were primarily male (81.2%), White non-Hispanic (WNH) (78.2%), publicly insured (70.1%), married (51.8%), and residents of urban counties (73.6%). Black patients were more likely to be younger at diagnosis (38.9%), single (43.4%), to have distant SEER stage disease (25.6%). Median OS were lowest among patients who were uninsured (34 months), with hypopharyngeal site disease (18 months), and a smoking history (current: 34 months, former: 46 months, no smoking: 63 months). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed worse OS for single/unmarried vs married (HR 1.47 [95%CI: 1.36-1.59], < .001), history of tobacco use (current: HR 1.62 [95%CI: 1.440-1.817], < .001; former smokers: (HR 1.28 [95%CI: 1.139-1.437], < .001) vs no history). Improved OS was observed among White Hispanics (WH) vs WNH (HR .73 [95%CI: .655-.817], < .001) and women vs men (HR .88 [95%CI: .807-.954], = .002). Geographical mapping showed that mortality rates were highest in census tracts with low income and education. Our findings suggest that sociodemographic and clinical factors impact OS from hypopharyngeal/laryngeal cancer in Florida and vary geographically within the state. These results will help guide future public health interventions

The Revolving Door of Residency: Predictors of Residency Attrition for Urology Matriculants between 2001 to 2016

To add to the literature which has reported higher attrition rates amongst General Surgery residents who identify as female or underrepresented in medicine (URM), we aimed to determine how these factors contribute to attrition within Urology. We hypothesized that women and URM Urology residents will similarly have higher attrition rates. The Association of American Medical Colleges surveyed residents to obtain matriculation and attrition status from 2001-2016. Data included demographics, medical school type, and specialty. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to identify predictors of attrition amongst Urology residents. In our sample of 4,321 Urology residents, 22.5% were female, 9.9% were URM, 25.8% were older than 30 years, 2.5% were DO graduates and 4.7% were International Medical Graduates. On multivariable analysis, being female (OR = 2.3, p < 0.001) was associated with increased residency attrition when compared to male residents. Additionally, residents who matriculated between 30-39 years old (OR = 1.9, p < 0.001) or ≥40 years old (OR = 10.7, p < 0.001) had an increased risk of residency attrition when compared to residents who matriculated between 26-29 years old. Attrition rates for URM trainees has recently increased. Women, older, and URM Urology residents experience higher rates of attrition compared to their peers. It is essential to identify trainees with higher likelihoods of attrition to determine system-level changes to combat departures from training programs. Our study highlights the need to foster more inclusive training environments and change institutional cultures to diversify the surgical workforce