4 research outputs found

    糖アルコールを使用した洋菓子の食後血糖値上昇抑制効果

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    難消化性糖質は、消化性のブドウ糖や砂糖とは異なった生理作用を持っており、生活習慣病の予防に深く関わっていることが、次第に明らかにされている。我々は、難消化性糖質のひとつであるマルチトールを使用した和菓子(芋羊羹)の、食後血糖値上昇を抑制する効果を報告している。本研究では、マルチトールを使用した洋菓子を作成し、マルチトールによる、食後血糖値上昇抑制効果の再現性を検証するために、血糖値の測定を実施した。対象は、空腹時血糖値が正常な、女子大学生7名とした。糖質50g 分の基準食と、2種類の検査食であるマルチトール入り洋菓子と砂糖入り洋菓子のそれぞれを摂取し、摂取前および摂取開始から15分、30分、45分、60分、90分、120分後の血糖値を測定した。なお、検査食の摂取は、まず全被験者に基準食を与え、基準値を得たのち、対象者を無作為に2群に分け、クロスオーバー比較試験法により、マルチトール検査食と砂糖検査食を、各2回ずつ摂取させた。血糖曲線下面積よりGlycemic index (GI) を算出し、Kolmogorov-Smirnov検定で正規性を調べた後、一元配置分散分析を行い、Bonferroni法により多重比較を行った。基準食のGI を100%とした場合、マルチトール検査食では73.3%、砂糖検査食で86.9%であり、基準食と比較して、マルチトール検査食ではGI が有意に低下した(p=0.013)。基準食と砂糖検査食間では、有意な差は認められなかった。また、マルチトール検査食と砂糖検査食間では、有意な差は認められなかったものの、マルチトール検査食のGI が低下する傾向が認められた(p=0.082)。以上の結果より、マルチトールを使用した洋菓子でも、和菓子(芋羊羹)と同様に、食後血糖上昇抑制作用が認められた

    Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

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    Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo

    The Sonogashira Reaction: A Booming Methodology in Synthetic Organic Chemistry

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