472 research outputs found
Beam polarization effects on top-pair production at the ILC
Full one-loop electroweak-corrections for an
process associated with sequential decay are
discussed. At the one-loop level, the spin-polarization effects of the initial
electron and positron beams are included in the total and differential cross
sections. A narrow-width approximation is used to treat the top-quark
production and decay while including full spin correlations between them. We
observed that the radiative corrections due to the weak interaction have a
large polarization dependence on both the total and differential cross
sections. Therefore, experimental observables that depend on angular
distributions such as the forward-backward asymmetry of the top production
angle must be treated carefully including radiative corrections. We also
observed that the energy distribution of bottom quarks is majorly affected by
the radiative corrections.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure
DISC1–ATF4 transcriptional repression complex: dual regulation of the cAMP-PDE4 cascade by DISC1
Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a risk factor for major mental illnesses, has been studied extensively in the context of neurodevelopment. However, the role of DISC1 in neuronal signaling, particularly in conjunction with intracellular cascades that occur in response to dopamine, a neurotransmitter implicated in numerous psychiatric disorders, remains elusive. Previous data suggest that DISC1 interacts with numerous proteins that impact neuronal function, including activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). In this study, we identify a novel DISC1 and ATF4 binding region in the genomic locus of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), a gene implicated in psychiatric disorders. We found that the loss of function of either DISC1 or ATF4 increases PDE4D9 transcription, and that the association of DISC1 with the PDE4D9 locus requires ATF4. We also show that PDE4D9 is increased by D1-type dopamine receptor dopaminergic stimulation. We demonstrate that the mechanism for this increase is due to DISC1 dissociation from the PDE4D locus in mouse brain. We further characterize the interaction of DISC1 with ATF4 to show that it is regulated via protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of DISC1 serine-58. Our results suggest that the release of DISC1-mediated transcriptional repression of PDE4D9 acts as feedback inhibition to regulate dopaminergic signaling. Furthermore, as DISC1 loss-of-function leads to a specific increase in PDE4D9, PDE4D9 itself may represent an attractive target for therapeutic approaches in psychiatric disorders.National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (Award T32GM07753)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (R01 MH091115
Generation and Eight-port Homodyne Characterization of Time-bin Qubits for Continuous-variable Quantum Information Processing
We experimentally generate arbitrary time-bin qubits using continuous-wave
light. The advantage unique to our qubit is its compatibility with
deterministic continuous-variable quantum information processing. This
compatibility comes from its optical coherence with continuous waves,
well-defined spatio-temporal mode, and frequency spectrum within the
operational bandwidth of the current continuous-variable technology. We also
demonstrate an efficient scheme to characterize time-bin qubits via eight-port
homodyne measurement. This enables the complete characterization of the qubits
as two-mode states, as well as a flexible analysis equivalent to the
conventional scheme based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and
photon-detection
Mach-Zehnder Bragg interferometer for a Bose-Einstein Condensate
We construct a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using Bose-Einstein condensed
rubidium atoms and optical Bragg diffraction. In contrast to interferometers
based on normal diffraction, where only a small percentage of the atoms
contribute to the signal, our Bragg diffraction interferometer uses all the
condensate atoms. The condensate coherence properties and high phase-space
density result in an interference pattern of nearly 100% contrast. In
principle, the enclosed area of the interferometer may be arbitrarily large,
making it an ideal tool that could be used in the detection of vortices, or
possibly even gravitational waves.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference
1999, Postdeadline papers QPD12-
Quantized gravitational waves in the Milne universe
The quantization of gravitational waves in the Milne universe is discussed.
The relation between positive frequency functions of the gravitational waves in
the Milne universe and those in the Minkowski universe is clarified.
Implications to the one-bubble open inflation scenario are also discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure, revtex. submitted to Phys. Rev. D1
Spontaneous parity and charge-conjugation violations at real isospin and imaginary baryon chemical potentials
The phase structure of two-flavor QCD is investigated at real isospin and
imaginary quark chemical potentials by using the Polyakov-loop extended
Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. In the region, parity symmetry is spontaneously
broken by the pion superfluidity phase transition, whereas charge-conjugation
symmetry is spontaneously violated by the Roberge-Weiss transition. The chiral
(deconfinement) crossover at zero isospin and quark chemical potentials is a
remnant of the parity (charge-conjugation) violation. The interplay between the
parity and charge-conjugation violations are analyzed, and it is investigated
how the interplay is related to the correlation between the chiral and
deconfinement crossovers at zero isospin and quark chemical potentials.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures. Typos were revised. Symbols /P and /C were
added in Figures 8a and 8b. Colors of the figures were changed. Some
sentences were added and revise
ATLAS Z Excess in Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Recently the ATLAS collaboration reported a 3 sigma excess in the search for
the events containing a dilepton pair from a Z boson and large missing
transverse energy. Although the excess is not sufficiently significant yet, it
is quite tempting to explain this excess by a well-motivated model beyond the
standard model. In this paper we study a possibility of the minimal
supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) for this excess. Especially, we focus on
the MSSM spectrum where the sfermions are heavier than the gauginos and
Higgsinos. We show that the excess can be explained by the reasonable MSSM mass
spectrum.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures; published versio
Magnetic Reconnection Triggered by the Parker Instability in the Galaxy: Two-Dimensional Numerical Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations and Application to the Origin of X-Ray Gas in the Galactic Halo
We propose the Galactic flare model for the origin of the X-ray gas in the
Galactic halo. For this purpose, we examine the magnetic reconnection triggered
by Parker instability (magnetic buoyancy instability), by performing the
two-dimensional resistive numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations. As a
result of numerical simulations, the system evolves as following phases: Parker
instability occurs in the Galactic disk. In the nonlinear phase of Parker
instability, the magnetic loop inflates from the Galactic disk into the
Galactic halo, and collides with the anti-parallel magnetic field, so that the
current sheets are created in the Galactic halo. The tearing instability
occurs, and creates the plasmoids (magnetic islands). Just after the plasmoid
ejection, further current-sheet thinning occurs in the sheet, and the anomalous
resistivity sets in. Petschek reconnection starts, and heats the gas quickly in
the Galactic halo. It also creates the slow and fast shock regions in the
Galactic halo. The magnetic field (G), for example, can heat the
gas ( cm) to temperature of K via the
reconnection in the Galactic halo. The gas is accelerated to Alfv\'en velocity
( km s). Such high velocity jets are the evidence of the
Galactic flare model we present in this paper, if the Doppler shift of the
bipolar jet is detected in the Galactic halo. Full size figures are available
at http://www.kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~tanuma/study/ApJ2002/ApJ2002.htmlComment: 13 pages, 12 figures, uses emulateapj.sty, accepted by Ap
Numerical Examination of the Stability of an Exact Two-dimensional Solution for Flux Pile-up Magnetic Reconnection
The Kelvin--Helmholtz (KH) and tearing instabilities are likely to be
important for the process of fast magnetic reconnection that is believed to
explain the observed explosive energy release in solar flares. Theoretical
studies of the instabilities, however, typically invoke simplified initial
magnetic and velocity fields that are not solutions of the governing
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. In the present study, the stability of a
reconnecting current sheet is examined using a class of exact global MHD
solutions for steady state incompressible magnetic reconnection, discovered by
Craig & Henton. Numerical simulation indicates that the outflow solutions where
the current sheet is formed by strong shearing flows are subject to the KH
instability. The inflow solutions where the current sheet is formed by a fast
and weakly sheared inflow are shown to be tearing unstable. Although the
observed instability of the solutions can be interpreted qualitatively by
applying standard linear results for the KH and tearing instabilities, the
magnetic field and plasma flow, specified by the Craig--Henton solution, lead
to the stabilization of the current sheet in some cases. The sensitivity of the
instability growth rate to the global geometry of magnetic reconnection may
help in solving the trigger problem in solar flare research.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Associated movie files and a PDF
with high-resolution figures are available at
http://www.pha.jhu.edu/~shirose/Craig
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