9 research outputs found

    Sensor and actuator design methods in active vibration control for distributed parameter structures

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    Removal of SO2 from the marine boundary layer over the Atlantic Ocean : a case study on the kinetics of the S(IV)oxidation on marine aerosols

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    Measurements of SO2 and NSS-SO42- were made over the Atlantic Ocean on board the RV Polarstern from October 9 to November 2, 1996, as part of the ALBATROSS campaign. The measurements were performed between 66.7 degrees N and 37.8 degrees S with a mean longitude of approximately 30 degrees W. The most frequent background values for SO2 were found to be 13 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) (0.54 mnol m(-3) at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP)) in the Southern Hemisphere, and 15 pptv (0.62 nmol m(-3) SATP) in the Northern Hemisphere. The mean values for total NSS-SO42- in particles with a d > 0.2 mu m were (5.99 +/- 2.93) nmol m(-3) (SATP) in the Southern Hemisphere, and (8.93 +/- 5.29) nmol m(-3) (SATP) in the Northern Hemisphere. An analysis of the size-fractionated aerosol samples (d > 1 mu m and 0.2 mu m 1 mu m. The main fraction of this NSS-SO42-. is most likely produced by the oxidation of dissolved SO2 via heterogeneous reactions occurring in the aqueous phase of coarse mode marine aerosols. A case study on the kinetics of this oxidation pathway was conducted during ALBATROSS. October 12, 1996, the ship sailed in the plume of a volcano on Iceland during its eruption from September 30 to October 13, 1996, as indicated by trajectory analysis and by the measurements of NSS-SO42- SO2, CO, and Hg, An empirical physicochemical approach considering the atmosphere as a natural flow reactor is used for the presented case study. The determined pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant for;the oxidation of SO, on marine aerosols is 3.31 x 10(-4) s(-1) at 25 degrees C. Assuming that the occurrence of coarse mode marine aerosols is the rate-limiting variable of the reaction, the second-order reaction rate constant is found to be 1.32 x 10(-6) cm(3) s(-1) particle(-1) at 25 degrees C. These values are in good agreement with results of previous field experiments as well as with the results of model studies

    Behandlungsschäden aus der Sicht von Behandlungsfehler-Begutachtungen

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    Vertragsrecht

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    Allgemeine Rechtsgrundlagen

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