Lax pair and Darboux transformation of noncommutative U(N) principal chiral model

We present a noncommutative generalization of Lax formalism of U(N) principal chiral model in terms of a one-parameter family of flat connections. The Lax formalism is further used to derive a set of parametric noncommutative B\"{a}cklund transformation and an infinite set of conserved quantities. From the Lax pair, we derive a noncommutative version of the Darboux transformation of the model.Comment: 1+20 page

Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicle based on Variable Structure Control Strategy

The current study presents real-time modeling and non-linear controllers-based energy management system (EMS) for multi-energy hybrid Electric Vehicle (EV), where a detailed physics-based dynamic vehicle model has been considered. The main objective of the paper is to regulate the power flow, stabilize DC voltage for an EV driven by a brushless DC motor, and ensure effective power sharing in a hybrid electric system under complex driving circumstances. The approach is based on tracking the reference battery current by backstepping sliding mode control for optimal power distribution. Subsequently, Integral Sliding Mode Control based on barrier function (NBS-ISMC), and Fractional Order Terminal Sliding Mode Control (FOTSMC) are implemented to control the switching operation of converters for Photovoltaic (PV) and Ultra-capacitor (UC), respectively. User-defined and practical standard drive cycles are selected to test the effectiveness of proposed reference current controllers

On Darboux transformation of the supersymmetric sine-Gordon equation

Darboux transformation is constructed for superfields of the super sine-Gordon equation and the superfields of the associated linear problem. The Darboux transformation is shown to be related to the super B\"{a}cklund transformation and is further used to obtain $N$ super soliton solutions.Comment: 9 Page

Darboux transformation and multi-soliton solutions of Two-Boson hierarchy

We study Darboux transformations for the two boson (TB) hierarchy both in the scalar as well as in the matrix descriptions of the linear equation. While Darboux transformations have been extensively studied for integrable models based on $SL(2,R)$ within the AKNS framework, this model is based on $SL(2,R)\otimes U(1)$. The connection between the scalar and the matrix descriptions in this case implies that the generic Darboux matrix for the TB hierarchy has a different structure from that in the models based on $SL(2,R)$ studied thus far. The conventional Darboux transformation is shown to be quite restricted in this model. We construct a modified Darboux transformation which has a much richer structure and which also allows for multi-soliton solutions to be written in terms of Wronskians. Using the modified Darboux transformations, we explicitly construct one soliton/kink solutions for the model.Comment:

Determination of pesticide residues in blood samples of villagers involved in pesticide application at District Vehari (Punjab), Pakistan

Blood samples were collected from field workers involved in pesticide spraying activities at three different farms in Tahsil Mailsi, District Vehari (Punjab), Pakistan. Twenty seven villagers (including three controls), ranging from 16 to 50 years of age and one to nine years of pesticide application experience were tested. The blood samples were analyzed for 383 different pesticides using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) multi residue analytical technique. Only chlorpyrifos (0.009 mg/l) and pyributicarb (0.001 mg/l) were detected in the blood samples.Key words: Multi-pesticide residues, blood sample, GC-MS

Cytotoxic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Convolvulus arvensis L (Convolvulaceae) on Lymphoblastic Leukemia Jurkat Cells

Purpose: To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of aerial parts of Convolvulus arvensis against lymphoblastic leukemia, Jurkat cells.Methods: The aerial parts of C. arvensis were collected, identified, powdered and soaked in ethanol. The extract was filtered and evaporated, and the residue assessed for cytotoxic activity in Jurkat cell line. The cells were exposed to different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL) of the extract to determine cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis using Trypan blue exclusion assay, 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, respectively.Results: Trypan blue exclusion assay and MTS assay results indicate that the ethanol extract decreased the number of living cells in a concentration-dependent fashion. The results of FACS analysis showed that the lowest concentration of the extract (10 μg/mL) was most effective for the induction of apoptosis as it induced maximum apoptosis (85.34 %) and the highest concentration (100 μg/mL) was less effective as it induced less apoptosis (53.70 %) in Jurkat cells (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The ethanol extract of C. arvensis has significant cytotoxic activity against the selected cancer cell line. Furthermore, apoptotic effect was more prominent at lower doses and necrosis at higher doses of the extract.Keywords: Convolvulus arvensis; (MTS) 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay; Trypan blue exclusion assay, Apoptosis, Necrosi