An Unusual Melanocytic Nevus of Conjunctiva : Balloon Cell Nevus

Melanocytic nevi are one of the most common benign tumors of the conjunctiva. The balloon cell nevus is a rare and unusual variant of nevus of melanocytic origin, in which more than 50% of the tumor is composed of large polygonal cells with small nucleus and a clear to vacuolated cytoplasm. We describe a case of balloon cell nevus in a 6-year-old child who presented with pigmented lesion of the right eye since birth. The melanocytic nature of these cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical study. Excision of the tumor results in cure. This report describes a rare balloon cell nevus of conjunctiva which to the best of our knowledge is not documented in Indian literature

Primary Cutaneous Low Grade Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Eyelid

Primary cutaneous mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare adnexal neoplasm, eyelid being the most common site of presentation. Clinically it is mistaken for a benign / cystic lesion. Its morphologic similarity to metastatic deposits from breast, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) or any visceral sites adds to the diagnostic difficulty mandating the role of ancillary techniques in precise diagnosis and hence planning the management. We report a case of primary cutaneous mucinous adenocarcinoma of eyelid with emphasis on pathology along with a brief review of literature

Emperipolesis in a Case of Adult T Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (Mediastinal type)-Detected at FNAC and Imprint Cytology

Emperipolesis is a condition in which viable hematopoetic cells are seen intact in the cytoplasm of host cell without damage. This phenomenon is seen in many physiologic and pathologic conditions, its presence in Rosai Dorfman disease (RDD) is characteristic of the disease. However emperipolesis is an uncommon finding in malignant lymphoma both Hodgkins and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, wherein it has been described in bone marrow aspirate and tissue culture. In contrast there are only two case reports of emperipolesis phenomenon described in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in tissue sections. We report a case of an adult T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (mediastinal type) with features of emperipolesis demonstrated at fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and imprint cytology of cervical lymph nodes. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of emperipolesis in a case of adult T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (mediastinal type)-detected at FNAC and imprint cytology

Evaluation of blood donor deferrals in a government teaching hospital

Background: Blood transfusion is a life-saving intervention. Blood should be accepted from non-remunerated and healthy donors. Proper donor screening procedure minimizes the risk of transfusion transmitted Infections and also wastage of blood and blood products and thus screening of donors is a prerequisite for blood donation. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in blood bank center in the Department of Pathology in a Government teaching hospital, Shivamogga from January 2022 to June 2022. All the voluntary and replacement donors were evaluated by the standard questionnaire and medical examination including demographic profile, anthropometry, blood group, vital signs and hemoglobin estimated by cyanmethemoglobin method were collected from the donation requisition forms and online deferred list. The data were represented in the form of percentage, descriptive statistics and analysed. Results: Out of 3,449 blood donors, 252 were deferred. The deferral rate was 7.31%. Among the ineligible donors, males 245 (97.22%) outnumbered females 7 (2.8%). 242 donors (96.03%) were temporarily rejected among which high blood pressure constituted to 23.02% followed by alcohol consumption (11.11%) whereas 10 donors (3.96%) were deferred permanently. 9 donors (3.57%) had low haemoglobin level. Conclusions: Temporary deferrals are more than permanent deferrals thus temporarily deferred donors should be instructed to return for blood donation after their period of deferral days to retain the pool of blood donors

Primary Adenosquamous Carcinoma of Ascending Colon – A Rare Entity

Colorectal cancers (CRC) are on the rise globally with increased incidence rate 5.7/100000 cases in developing countries like India. 1 Majority (90%) of CRC are adenocarcinoma. The primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the colon is exceedingly rare variant of adenocarcinoma with incidence of 0.025% and accounts for 0.1% of colonic epithelial malignancies. 2 The squamous differentiation accounts for its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Here we report a rare case of primary ASC in 80year old male who presented with large bowel obstruction and peritonitis. A 80-year-old male brought to causality with history of fever, vomiting, pain in abdomen, altered sensorium since three days. The clinical examination revealed intestinal obstruction and peritonitis. Patient was immediately subjected for radiological and hematology investigations which showed signs of bowel obstruction and perforation. On emergency exploratory laparotomy, colonic perforation was identified along with an ulcer proliferative mass in ascending colon. Gross examination of right hemicolectomy revealed 9x6x3cm ulcero proliferative mass in ascending colon. The microscopic examination showed an infiltrating tumor composed of adenocarcinoma component and areas of squamous differentiation (60%) noted. Tumor was invading through muscularis propria and serosa. Final diagnosis of primary ASC was made. Colonic ASC is rare and associated with poorer prognosis. The squamous cell differentiation has greater metastatic potential than adenocarcinoma. Compared to adenocarcinoma, ASC is more likely to manifest with advanced disease and complications. Keywords: Adenosquamous, Carcinoma, Colo

The AgMIP Coordinated Climate-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP): Methods and Protocols

Climate change is expected to alter a multitude of factors important to agricultural systems, including pests, diseases, weeds, extreme climate events, water resources, soil degradation, and socio-economic pressures. Changes to carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature, andwater (CTW) will be the primary drivers of change in crop growth and agricultural systems. Therefore, establishing the CTW-change sensitivity of crop yields is an urgent research need and warrants diverse methods of investigation. Crop models provide a biophysical, process-based tool to investigate crop responses across varying environmental conditions and farm management techniques, and have been applied in climate impact assessment by using a variety of methods (White et al., 2011, and references therein). However, there is a significant amount of divergence between various crop models’ responses to CTW changes (R¨otter et al., 2011). While the application of a site-based crop model is relatively simple, the coordination of such agricultural impact assessments on larger scales requires consistent and timely contributions from a large number of crop modelers, each time a new global climate model (GCM) scenario or downscaling technique is created. A coordinated, global effort to rapidly examine CTW sensitivity across multiple crops, crop models, and sites is needed to aid model development and enhance the assessment of climate impacts (Deser et al., 2012)..

Emperipolesis in a Case of Adult T Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (Mediastinal type)-Detected at FNAC and Imprint Cytology

Emperipolesis is a condition in which viable hematopoetic cells are seen intact in the cytoplasm of host cell without damage. This phenomenon is seen in many physiologic and pathologic conditions, its presence in Rosai Dorfman disease (RDD) is characteristic of the disease. However emperipolesis is an uncommon finding in malignant lymphoma both Hodgkins and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, wherein it has been described in bone marrow aspirate and tissue culture. In contrast there are only two case reports of emperipolesis phenomenon described in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in tissue sections. We report a case of an adult T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (mediastinal type) with features of emperipolesis demonstrated at fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and imprint cytology of cervical lymph nodes. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of emperipolesis in a case of adult T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (mediastinal type)-detected at FNAC and imprint cytology