Possible inundation map of coastal areas of gujarat with a tsunamigenic earthquake

The western Indian peninsula experienced the most destructive tsunami ever recorded in the Arabian Sea by the 28th November 1945 earthquake (Mw 8.1) in Makran region. The run-up height during the tsunami was of 17m at Makran coast and 11 to 11.5m in Gulf of Kachchh region. Seismic gap area along the subduction zone of Makran is possible site of future great earthquake, which could generate tsunamigenic condition along western Indian coast. Determination of run-up elevation is important aspect to study the inundation in any region, which get affected by offshore and on-shore geomorphological conditions i.e. bathymetry and near-shore topography. Inundation maps are prepared using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data and ETOPOv2v to show the possible areas of inundation due to different wave heights along coastal parts of Gujarat state. Results shows that more than 2 m run-up elevation is showing possibility of inundation in Jakhau and Kandla areas of Gulf of Kachchh region whereas, the Saurashtra region shows less possibility of inundation. As the state has important installations like ports, jetties, industries along the coast and also other socio-economical perspective which can be affected by such an event, hence the demarcation of possible inundation areas is important for determination of future tsunami hazard demanding more detailed work

Unusual Thermodynamics on the Fuzzy 2-Sphere

Higher spin Dirac operators on both the continuum sphere($S^2$) and its fuzzy analog($S^2_F$) come paired with anticommuting chirality operators. A consequence of this is seen in the fermion-like spectrum of these operators which is especially true even for the case of integer-spin Dirac operators. Motivated by this feature of the spectrum of a spin 1 Dirac operator on $S_F^2$, we assume the spin 1 particles obey Fermi-Dirac statistics. This choice is inspite of the lack of a well defined spin-statistics relation on a compact surface such as $S^2$. The specific heats are computed in the cases of the spin $\frac{1}{2}$ and spin 1 Dirac operators. Remarkably the specific heat for a system of spin $\frac{1}{2}$ particles is more than that of the spin 1 case, though the number of degrees of freedom is more in the case of spin 1 particles. The reason for this is inferred through a study of the spectrums of the Dirac operators in both the cases. The zero modes of the spin 1 Dirac operator is studied as a function of the cut-off angular momentum $L$ and is found to follow a simple power law. This number is such that the number of states with positive energy for the spin 1 and spin $\frac{1}{2}$ system become comparable. Remarks are made about the spectrums of higher spin Dirac operators as well through a study of their zero-modes and the variation of their spectrum with degeneracy. The mean energy as a function of temperature is studied in both the spin $\frac{1}{2}$ and spin 1 cases. They are found to deviate from the standard ideal gas law in 2+1 dimensions.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures. The paper has been significantly modified. Main results are unchange

Prognos (R) in the diagnosis of amalgam hypersensitivity - A diagnostic case-control study

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether the Prognos (R) device might be a useful tool in the diagnosis of disorders suspected to be due to dental amalgam fillings. Participants and Methods: A diagnostic case-control study was performed in 27 patients who complained about health problems attributed to amalgam ( cases), 27 healthy volunteers with amalgam fillings ( controls I), and 27 healthy amalgam-free volunteers ( controls II). All participants were tested before and after application of 300 mg DMPS (2.3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid) with Prognos, a diagnostic device for the energetic measurement of Traditional Chinese Medicine meridians. In addition, mercury was measured in blood, urine, and saliva, and a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was performed. Results: Diagnoses derived from the first and second Prognos testing did not agree above chance (Cohen's Kappa = -0.11, 95% confidence interval -0.33 to 0.10; p = 0.30). Agreement for secondary outcome measures was poor, too. Prognos measurements did not differ between cases and controls. Correlations with measurements in urine, blood and saliva were low. Conclusion: In this study Prognos could not be shown to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of disorders suspected to be due to dental amalgam fillings

Posttraumatic severe infection of the ankle joint - long term results of the treatment with resection arthrodesis in 133 cases

Although there is a clear trend toward internal fixation for ankle arthrodesis, there is general consensus that external fixation is required for cases of posttraumatic infection. We retrospectively evaluated the technique and clinical long term results of external fixation in a triangular frame for cases of posttraumatic infection of the ankle. From 1993 to 2006 a consecutive series of 155 patients with an infection of the ankle was included in our study. 133 cases of the advanced "Gächter" stage III and IV were treated with arthrodesis. We treated the patients with a two step treatment plan. After radical debridement and sequestrectomy the malleoli and the joint surfaces were resected. An AO fixator was applied with two Steinmann-nails inserted in the tibia and in the calcaneus and the gap was temporary filled with gentamicin beads as the first step. In the second step we performed an autologous bone graft after a period of four weeks. The case notes were evaluated regarding trauma history, medical complaints, further injuries and illnesses, walking and pain status and occupational issues. Mean age at the index procedure was 49.7 years (18-82), 104 patients were male (67,1%). Follow up examination after mean 4.5 years included a standardised questionnaire and a clinical examination including the criteria of the AO-FAS-Score and radiographs. 92,7% of the cases lead to a stable arthrodesis. In 5 patients the arthrodesis was found partly-stable. In six patients (4,5%) the infection was not controllable during the treatment process. These patients had to be treated with a below knee amputation. The mean AOFAS score at follow up was 63,7 (53-92). Overall there is a high degree of remaining disability. The complication rate and the reduced patient comfort reserve this method mainly for infection. Joint salvage is possible in the majority of cases with an earlier stage I and II infection

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA OBAT- OBATAN TRADISIONAL DI PASAR KAHAYAN KOTA PALANGKA RAYA (Studi Kasus Toko Pasak Bumi)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi industri pengolahan produk obat tradisional di Toko Pasak Bumi Pasar Kahayan Kota Palangka Raya. (2) Mengetahui strategi apa saja yang dapat di terapkan dalam mengembangkan industri pengolahan produk obat tradisional di Toko Pasak Bumi Kota Palangka Raya. Metode pengumpulan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling didasari atas ciri-ciri tertentu yang dipandang mempunyai hubungan yang erat. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif mengenai analisis IFAS dan EFAS yang mempengaruhi pengembangan Usaha obat-obatan tradisional, nilai bobot, rating dan skor; analisis SWOT untuk menemukan alternatif strategi yang diterapkan dalam pengembangan usaha obat-obatan tradisional toko pasak bumi. Hasil yang diperoleh: (1) faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi pengembangan Usaha obat-obatan tradisional toko pasak bumi: faktor internal meliputi permodalan, sumberdaya manusia, pemasaran dan operasional. Faktor eksternal politik,sosial dan lingkungan industri; (3) alternatif strategi yang dapat diterapkan strategi SO (Strengths-Opportunities) dengan memanfaatkan peluang yang ada, serta memaksimalkan kekuatan yang berasal dari internal dan peluang dari eksternal usaha obat-obatan tradisional, sehingga dapat mengembangkan usaha obat-obatan tradisional toko pasak bumi

Visual Impairment, Eye Diseases, and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Visual impairment and eye diseases have been associated with dementia, though with mixed findings and often in cross-sectional studies. OBJECTIVE: To identify prospective studies investigating associations between visual impairment or common eye diseases and risk of all-cause dementia or key dementia subtypes. METHODS: We searched Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase from inception to January 2020. We also conducted backward and forward citation searches of included studies and set up alerts to identify studies published after the search date. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine adjusted estimates across studies. RESULTS: Thirty studies met our eligibility criteria. For visual impairment, pooled estimates indicated an increased risk of all-cause dementia (37,705 participants, 3,415 cases, risk ratio [RR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.59, I2 = 28.6%). Pooled estimates also suggested an increased dementia risk associated with cataract (6,659 participants, 1,312 cases, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.00-1.38, I2 = 0.0%) and diabetic retinopathy (43,658 participants, 7,060 cases, HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11-1.61, I2 = 63.9%), respectively. There was no evidence of an association between glaucoma (175,357 participants, 44,144 cases, HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90-1.04, I2 = 51.5%) or age-related macular degeneration (7,800,692 participants, > 2,559 cases, HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.88-1.50, I2 = 91.0%) and risk of dementia, respectively. CONCLUSION: As visual impairment, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy are associated with an increased likelihood of developing dementia, early diagnosis may help identify those at risk of dementia. Given most causes of visual impairment are treatable or preventable, the potential for dementia prevention warrants further investigation

Criteria of efficiency for conformal prediction

We study optimal conformity measures for various criteria of efficiency of classification in an idealised setting. This leads to an important class of criteria of efficiency that we call probabilistic; it turns out that the most standard criteria of efficiency used in literature on conformal prediction are not probabilistic unless the problem of classification is binary. We consider both unconditional and label-conditional conformal prediction.Comment: 31 page

Vitamin D for the management of asthma

Background Several clinical trials of vitamin D to prevent asthma exacerbation and improve asthma control have been conducted in children and adults, but a meta-analysis restricted to double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials of this intervention is lacking. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of administration of vitamin D and its hydroxylated metabolites in reducing the risk of severe asthma exacerbations (defined as those requiring treatment with systemic corticosteroids) and improving asthma symptom control. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trial Register and reference lists of articles. We contacted the authors of studies in order to identify additional trials. Date of last search: January 2016. Selection criteria Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials of vitamin D in children and adults with asthma evaluating exacerbation risk or asthma symptom control or both. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently applied study inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias. We obtained missing data from the authors where possible. We reported results with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Main results We included seven trials involving a total of 435 children and two trials involving a total of 658 adults in the primary analysis. Of these, one trial involving 22 children and two trials involving 658 adults contributed to the analysis of the rate of exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids. Duration of trials ranged from four to 12 months, and the majority of participants had mild to moderate asthma. Administration of vitamin D reduced the rate of exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids (rate ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.88; 680 participants; 3 studies; high-quality evidence), and decreased the risk of having at least one exacerbation requiring an emergency department visit or hospitalisation or both (odds ratio (OR) 0.39, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.78; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome, 27; 963 participants; 7 studies; high-quality evidence). There was no effect of vitamin D on % predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (mean difference (MD) 0.48, 95% CI -0.93 to 1.89; 387 participants; 4 studies; high-quality evidence) or Asthma Control Test scores (MD -0.08, 95% CI -0.70 to 0.54; 713 participants; 3 studies; high-quality evidence). Administration of vitamin D did not influence the risk of serious adverse events (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.89; 879 participants; 5 studies; moderate-quality evidence). One trial comparing low-dose versus high-dose vitamin D reported two episodes of hypercalciuria, one in each study arm. No other study reported any adverse event potentially attributable to administration of vitamin D. No participant in any included trial suffered a fatal asthma exacerbation. We did not perform a subgroup analysis to determine whether the effect of vitamin D on risk of severe exacerbation was modified by baseline vitamin D status, due to unavailability of suitably disaggregated data. We assessed two trials as being at high risk of bias in at least one domain; neither trial contributed data to the analysis of the outcomes reported above. Authors' conclusions Meta-analysis of a modest number of trials in people with predominantly mild to moderate asthma suggests that vitamin D is likely to reduce both the risk of severe asthma exacerbation and healthcare use. It is as yet unclear whether these effects are confined to people with lower baseline vitamin D status; further research, including individual patient data meta-analysis of existing datasets, is needed to clarify this issue. Children and people with frequent severe asthma exacerbations were under-represented; additional primary trials are needed to establish whether vitamin D can reduce the risk of severe asthma exacerbation in these groups

How BIM-lean integration enhances the information management process in the construction design

The construction industry faces significant challenges due to insufficient processes. Design phase is a key process of construction project lifecycle in which many problems and challenges occur. Most of the issues within the design process are mainly due to poor information management process. Therefore, it is important to adopt new innovative technologies and processes to improve information management. Over the last decade, the number of projects implementing innovative and technological processes such as BIM and Lean has been increased. However, rather applying BIM and Lean independently, integration of BIM features with lean principles would bring more benefits to the design process in terms of improving information management. This paper studies the potential benefits of integrating BIM and Lean to improve information management in terms of reducing construction design problems associated with information management challenges

Influence of water intercalation and hydration on chemical decomposition and ion transport in methylammonium lead halide perovskites

The use of methylammonium (MA) lead halide perovskites \ce{CH3NH3PbX3} (X=I, Br, Cl) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has made great progress in performance efficiency during recent years. However, the rapid decomposition of \ce{MAPbI3} in humid environments hinders outdoor application of PSCs, and thus, a comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanism is required. To do this, we investigate the effect of water intercalation and hydration of the decomposition and ion migration of \ce{CH3NH3PbX3} using first-principles calculations. We find that water interacts with \ce{PbX6} and MA through hydrogen bonding, and the former interaction enhances gradually, while the latter hardly changes when going from X=I to Br and to Cl. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that water exothermically intercalates into the perovskite, while the water intercalated and monohydrated compounds are stable with respect to decomposition. More importantly, the water intercalation greatly reduces the activation energies for vacancy-mediated ion migration, which become higher going from X=I to Br and to Cl. Our work indicates that hydration of halide perovskites must be avoided to prevent the degradation of PSCs upon moisture exposure