Kontrola, tehnologija i mehanizam djelovanja izloženosti prašini i plinovima na plućnu funkciju

In an earlier investigation, a major temporary effect on the lung function was determined, with a spirometer, in stevedoors on a ro-ro-ship exposed to diesel exhausts from trucks during a work shift. In the present study all the trucks used aboard were equipped with especially designed micro-filters mounted on the exhaust pipes. When the filter was in use, no significant effect on the lung function was measured. The removal of the particulate fraction of the exhausts by filtering modified, or possibly eliminated, the effect observed earlier. In designing an indicator of the biological effects of diesel exhausts the particle fraction should be taken into consideration.U prijašnjem istraživanju nađen je značajan prolazni učinak ispušnih plinova kamiona na plućnu funkciju radnika za vrijeme smjene. U sadašnjem istraživanju svi kamioni imali su specijalne mikro filtre pričvršćene na ispušne cijevi. Pri upotrebi filtara nije primijećeno značajno djelovanje ispušnih plinova na plućnu funkciju. Uklanjanje određenog dijela plinova promijenilo je ili sasvim eliminiralo djelovanje koje je prije primijećeno. Stoga bi pri stvaranju indikatora za biološko djelovanje osobitu pažnju trebalo obratiti na tu frakciju ispušnih plinova dizel-goriva

Izlučivanje i raspodjela žive u štakora, antidoti za živu i učinci primjene žive na nesivost i plodnost u kokoši

The results of investigations of the distribution and excretion of organic and inorganic mercury compounds in albino rats and white leghorn hens conducted over a period of ten years are surveyed. The storage of mercury in eggs as well as its effects on the egg-lay-frequency and hatchability of the layed eggs have also been studied. All investigated mercury compounds were labelled with the radioactive mercury isotope 203Hg and the mercury level was measured with a scintillation technique. Since antidotes used in the treatment of mercury poisoning influence not only the excretion of mercury, but also its distribution in the body, the effects of nine antidotes on the metabolism of different mercury compounds were also investigated. The results of the survey are presented graphically.Prikazani su rezultati desetogodišnjeg istraživanja raspodjele i izlučivanja organskih i anorganskih spojeva žive na albino-štakorima i leghorn-kokošima, lstraživano je i odlaganje žive u jajima nesilica, učinci na nesivost i oplođenost jaja. Živini spojevi obilježavani su radioaktivnim izotopom 203Hg, a živa mjerena scintilacijskom tehnikom. Budući da antidoti što se primjenjuju pri otrovanju živom utječu ne samo na izlučivanje već i na raspodjelu žive u organizmu, izneseni su i rezultati učinaka devet antidota na prijetvor pojedinih živinih spojeva u organizmu pokusnih životinja

Kontrola, tehnologija i mehanizam djelovanja izloženosti prašini i plinovima na plućnu funkciju

In an earlier investigation, a major temporary effect on the lung function was determined, with a spirometer, in stevedoors on a ro-ro-ship exposed to diesel exhausts from trucks during a work shift. In the present study all the trucks used aboard were equipped with especially designed micro-filters mounted on the exhaust pipes. When the filter was in use, no significant effect on the lung function was measured. The removal of the particulate fraction of the exhausts by filtering modified, or possibly eliminated, the effect observed earlier. In designing an indicator of the biological effects of diesel exhausts the particle fraction should be taken into consideration.U prijašnjem istraživanju nađen je značajan prolazni učinak ispušnih plinova kamiona na plućnu funkciju radnika za vrijeme smjene. U sadašnjem istraživanju svi kamioni imali su specijalne mikro filtre pričvršćene na ispušne cijevi. Pri upotrebi filtara nije primijećeno značajno djelovanje ispušnih plinova na plućnu funkciju. Uklanjanje određenog dijela plinova promijenilo je ili sasvim eliminiralo djelovanje koje je prije primijećeno. Stoga bi pri stvaranju indikatora za biološko djelovanje osobitu pažnju trebalo obratiti na tu frakciju ispušnih plinova dizel-goriva

Experimental evaluation of the effect of filtration of diesel exhaust by biologic exposure indicators

The airway resistance, compliance of the respiratory system, transfer factor, and alveolar volume of 33 healthy rabbits were studied before and after exposure to diluted diesel exhaust generated in an experimental motor. Three diesel fuels and two particle traps were tested. Subsequent to the post-exposure lung function measurements, the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were processed for morphologic examination. The concentrations of particles, nitrogen dioxide, and formaldehyde were measured. The inflammatory airway changes were most pronounced in animals exposed to exhaust from standard fuel. Small changes were identified in animals exposed to exhaust filtered through the catalytic trap as well or exposed to unfiltered exhaust from fuels intended for densely built-up areas. Increase in compliance of the respiratory system was associated with the concentration of soot particles and formaldehyde. Compliance decreased significantly in animals exposed to exhaust from standard fuel filtered through the particle traps and increased almost significantly in animals exposed to unfiltered exhaust from the same fuel