Case study the shrimp export industry in Bangladesh

"By the end of the 1970s, the Bangladesh seafood processing industry had expanded rapidly. But sanitary facilities, technology adaptation, and adequate training did not keep pace. Shrimp exports suffered in the late 1970s, and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration placed seafood imports from Bangladesh under automatic detention. This was only the beginning of the export market problems arising from substandard product safety and quality that Bangladesh's shrimp industry faced over the next two decades. This case study illustrates the actions taken by Bangladesh, with the aid of external partners, to overcome substantial obstacles to participation in world shrimp markets." from TextFood safety ,food security ,trade ,health ,Export marketing ,

SERVING CURRENT AND EMERGING BUSINESS STRATEGIES: SUSTA (SOUTHERN UNITED STATES TRADE ASSOCIATION)

Mission Statement: The SUSTA mission is to increase the export of Southern U. S. food and agricultural products in order to enhance the economic well-being of the region.Agribusiness,

NE-165 Case Study: The Fresh Company

"Koninklijke Ahold nv" (Royal Dutch Ahold) was the leading food retailer in The Netherlands in 1990 with an approximately 36% share of the food and grocery market. Moreover, its four U. S. companies (Giant Food Stores, PA.; Bi-Lo, NC.; Finast, OR.; and Tops Friendly Markets, NY) ranked it number ten among the largest U. S. food retailers . Despite this dominance and obvious knowledge of food wholesale and retail distribution, Ahold had historically been unable to capture a satisfactory share of the fresh food business in The Netherlands. Yet this business represented approximately $7 billion in current business and, perhaps more importantly, was thought by many to hold the key to future success in the food industry. The case study documents the set of circumstances that led Ahold to experiment with a new food store format that, its management hoped, would allow a more effective penetration of the fresh food business. A project director is appointed with the assignment to build a new fresh foods business. The case describes his initial actions and presents the rather disappointing results after the store had been opened nine months. Part '~A" of the case ends with an outline of the areas that the project director feels merit strategic redirection in order to achieve more acceptable performance. Part "B" of the case summarizes the actions incorporated into a new strategic marketing plan in hopes to salvage the project. New financial results, nine months after the repositioning, are presented.Agribusiness,

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS OF U.S. FOOD PROCESSING PLANTS

This paper presents a model-based approach for competitive analysis of manufacturing plants in the U. S. food processing industry. As part of this approach, plant competitiveness is measured using Operational Competitiveness Ratings Analysis (OCRA) -- a new non-parametric method of computing relative inefficiency. Drivers of competitiveness are identified in terms of policies related to plant structure and infrastructure. Policies related to plant structure are those decisions that are related with "bricks and mortar" and have long term implications, such as decisions related to plant size and capacity. Policies related to plant infrastructure are decisions related to how the " bricks and mortar" are used. These policies are typically under the direct control of the operations managers and have a short-term orientation, such as decisions related to equipment, quality, inventory, workforce and confusion-engendering activities (e.g. new product introductions and product variety). The empirical analysis is based on detailed cross-sectional data on 20 processed food manufacturing plants. With respect to plant structure, the results suggest that small sized food processing plants are competitive, and both capacity underutilization and overutilization are detrimental to plant competitiveness. Among the significant results with respect to plant infrastructure, equipment maintenance, quality management programs, packaging supplies inventory, workforce training and product variety are positively associated with plant competitiveness. The results also suggest that introduction of new products disrupts plant operations, at least in the short run, and is negatively associated with plant competitiveness.Agribusiness,

Approval of new drugs by the U. S. food and drug administration: Problems with the process and access to unapproved drugs

Today, the vast majority of drugs available for patient use have gone through a rigorous system of human clinical trials supervised by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to ensure the drugs are safe and efficacious. There are now citizen advocacy groups that seek use of drugs not yet approved by the FDA, to be administered to terminally ill patients who have exhausted all other available means of therapy. The FDA has programs for terminal patients, under the supervision of their physicians, to use unapproved drugs; however, the advocacy groups seek access to drugs in much earlier phases than is now allowed, raising serious safety concerns for patients. Use of drugs outside of the clinical trials system undermines the integrity of the FDA’s drug development process by slowing enrollment, which in turn slows approval and timely access of safe and efficacious drugs to all of society

Adaptive Minimax-Regret Treatment Choice, With Application To Drug Approval

Suppose that there are two treatments for a condition. One is the status quo, whose properties are known from experience and the other is an innovation, whose properties are not known initially. A new cohort of persons presents itself each period and a planner must choose how to treat this cohort. When facing situations of this kind, it has become common to commission randomized trials of limited duration to learn about the innovation. Rather than wait for the outcomes of interest to unfold over time, surrogate outcomes that can be observed early on are used to judge the success of the innovation. A close approximation to this process is institutionalized in the drug approval protocol of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. This paper brings welfare-economic and decision-theoretic thinking to bear on the problem of treatment choice, with application to drug approval. I introduce the adaptive minimax-regret (AMR) rule, which applies to each cohort the minimax-regret criterion using the knowledge of treatment response available at the time of treatment. The result is a fractional treatment allocation whenever the available knowledge does not suffice to determine which treatment is better. The rule is adaptive because, as knowledge of treatment response accumulates, successive cohorts are allocated differently across the two treatments. I use the AMR idea to suggest an adaptive drug approval process that permits partial marketing of new drugs while scientifically appropriate long-term clinical trials are underway. The stronger the evidence on health outcomes of interest, the more treatment would be permitted, with a definitive approval decision eventually made when sufficient evidence has accumulated.

Optimizing CRISPR/Cas9 for high-expression genome loci in industrial yeast strains

Book of Abstracts of CEB Annual Meeting 2017[Excerpt] The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the key cell factories for the production of bio-based chemicals, from fuels and bulk chemicals to active pharmaceuticals. Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and with a broad array of tools available at the molecular level, S. cerevisiae has been successfully manipulated for a wide range of applications. For large-scale fermentations, particularly in biorefineries, yeast cells must perform under harsh conditions, such as fluctuating pH and temperature, high osmotic pressure and presence of inhibitors derived from biomass hydrolysis. In this context, robust and stress-tolerant yeast chassis are required to attain high titers and product yields [1]. Industrial environments have been identified as a bioresource of yeast strains with higher robustness and fermentation performance and distinct strains have been isolated. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Torque measurement in real time during mixing and kneading of bread dough with high content of resistant maize starch and enzymes

In this work, a methodology to measure torque during dough mixing in large scale was developed and the baking performance of bread dough formulated with resistant starch (RS) and enzymes was evaluated. Dough was formulated with 12.5 g/100 g of RS and 4 mg/100 g of a mixture of enzymes, glucose-oxidase (Gox), tranglutaminase (TG) and xylanase (HE) in proportions according to a three-component mixture design of experiments. Dough was mixed in a large-scale dynamic rheometer measuring instant torque and speed in real time through a personal computer (PC) interface. Maximum torque during mixing and parameters of the dough development curves obtained from rheofermentometer were fit to mathematical models within 95 % of confidence. Gox and TG showed positive effects on the maximum height of dough, while HE showed a negative one. Also, it was found that Gox and TG in the presence of HE could be important for reducing dough weakening.Fil: Altuna, Luz. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Romano, Roberto C. O.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Pileggi, Rafael G.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ribotta, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Tadini, Carmen C.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

ECONOMIC FORCES INFLUENCING VALUE-ADDED FOOD INDUSTRIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE

Agribusiness,