Conformal Field Theory as Microscopic Dynamics of Incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations

We consider the hydrodynamics of relativistic conformal field theories at finite temperature. We show that the limit of slow motions of the ideal hydrodynamics leads to the non-relativistic incompressible Euler equation. For viscous hydrodynamics we show that the limit of slow motions leads to the non-relativistic incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. We explain the physical reasons for the reduction and discuss the implications. We propose that conformal field theories provide a fundamental microscopic viewpoint of the equations and the dynamics governed by them.Comment: 4 page

A research on determining the friction losses formed in the small diameter floppy polythene pipe lines

In pressured irrigation systems, water flowing in pipes is stable from the point of view of the hydraulic and it gradually decrease through the pipe lines. In sprinkler irrigation systems, sprinkler head pressure through the pipe line is different due to friction and local losses formed in parts of the pipes between sequent sprinkler heads and the differences resulting from slope. Generally, sprinkler head pressure has a maximum level in the beginning of lateral pipe lines and a minimum level in the end of lateral pipe lines. The velocity of water flow in the pipe line, the diameter and length of the pipe and the friction loses formed as a result of roughness inside the pipe should be known for a good design. The easiest andfastest way is to make use of the values given in the tables or diagrams determined by the equation of Hazen-Williams. However, no data related to floppy polythene (PE) pipes with small diameter is available in the tables and diagrams mentioned. In this study, values relating to friction losses and pressures formed in 10, 20, 30,…, 100 m through the pipe for the without slope in different velocity (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 m s-1) and water flow have been measured and it was found that connection between them using floppy PE pipes (6 bar) with small diameter (Ø20, 25, 32, 40 and 50) have been produced by some plastic companies in Turkey and particularly used in the irrigation systems in landscape areas. Inconclusion, it was stated by the people who worked on the experiment that the parameters obtained could be used

Effects of different irrigation programs on yield and quality parameters of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under greenhouse conditions

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different irrigation programs on yield and quality parameters of eggplant under greenhouse conditions, using Class A pan evaporation calculations and different plant-pan coefficients. Irrigation water was applied through drip irrigation method twice a week during the growing period. Irrigation treatments consisted of five plant-pan coefficients (S1: kcp = nonirrigation, S2: kcp = 0.50, S3: kcp = 0.75, S4: kcp = 1.00 and S5: kcp = 1.25). The amount of irrigation water ranged between 95.2 and 238.7 mm among the treatments. Evapotranspiration (ET) values varied from 93.1 to 466.3 mm for the treatments. The highest yield was obtained from the S3 and S4 treatments. A significant polynomial correlation was obtained between the yield and irrigation water, and between the yield and ET (P < 0.01). This indicated that when irrigation water and ET increased, yield also increased to a certain point. However, when the amount of irrigation water exceeded the plant water requirement, eggplant yield decreased. Yield response factor (Ky) was determined as 0.81. Since Ky < 1, eggplants were not sensitive to water deficiency. In addition, the highest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values were calculated in the S3 (12.9 kgm-3) and S2 (44.2 kgm-3) treatments, while the lowest WUE and IWUE values were calculated in the S5 (7.9 and 15.5 kgm-3) treatment to which the highest irrigation water was applied. This finding indicated that WUE and IWUE values decreased with the increasing irrigation water and ET. These results suggested that S3 (kcp = 0.75) treatment can be the most appropriate irrigation program for eggplant with higher yield and WUE under greenhouse conditions.Key words: Eggplant, yield response factor, water use efficiency, Class A pan, evapotranspiration

Shocks and Universal Statistics in (1+1)-Dimensional Relativistic Turbulence

We propose that statistical averages in relativistic turbulence exhibit universal properties. We consider analytically the velocity and temperature differences structure functions in the (1+1)-dimensional relativistic turbulence in which shock waves provide the main contribution to the structure functions in the inertial range. We study shock scattering, demonstrate the stability of the shock waves, and calculate the anomalous exponents. We comment on the possibility of finite time blowup singularities.Comment: 37 pages, 7 figure

Analysis of Lung Metastases in Patients with Primary Extremity Sarcoma

Purpose: To investigate the incidence, radiographic findings, and the time course for the appearence of lung metastases from primary extremity sarcoma

Mucoid Cyst of The Penile Skin: A Rare Entity

A 9-year old male patient was admitted to our clinic for circumcision. Physical examination revealed a mass in the prepuce. After excision of the mass, histopathological examination was consistent with a mucoid cyst of the penile skin, which has been rarely reported. Pathologists and clinicians dealing with genitourinary system pathology should be familiar with this rarely encountered entity.Key Words: Mucoid cyst, penile ski

D-branes in N=2 Strings

We study various aspects of D-branes in the two families of closed N=2 strings denoted by \alpha and \beta in hep-th/0211147. We consider two types of N=2 boundary conditions, A-type and B-type. We analyse the D-branes geometry. We compute open and closed string scattering amplitudes in the presence of the D-branes and discuss the results. We find that, except the space filling D-branes, the B-type D-branes decouple from the bulk. The A-type D-branes exhibit inconsistency. We construct the D-branes effective worldvolume theories. They are given by a dimensional reduction of self-dual Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions. We construct the D-branes gravity backgrounds. Finally, we discuss possible N=2 open/closed string dualities.Comment: 25 pages, Latex2

Families of N=2 Strings

In a given 4d spacetime bakcground, one can often construct not one but a family of distinct N=2 string theories. This is due to the multiple ways N=2 superconformal algebra can be embedded in a given worldsheet theory. We formulate the principle of obtaining different physical theories by gauging different embeddings of the same symmetry algebra in the same ``pre-theory.'' We then apply it to N=2 strings and formulate the recipe for finding the associated parameter spaces of gauging. Flat and curved target spaces of both (4,0) and (2,2) signatures are considered. We broadly divide the gauging choices into two classes, denoted by alpha and beta, and show them to be related by T-duality. The distinction between them is formulated topologically and hinges on some unique properties of 4d manifolds. We determine what their parameter spaces of gauging are under certain simplicity ansatz for generic flat spaces (R^4 and its toroidal compactifications) as well as some curved spaces. We briefly discuss the spectra of D-branes for both alpha and beta families.Comment: 66+1 pages, 2 tables, latex 2e, hyperref. ver2: typos corrected, reference adde

BMN Operators for N=1 Superconformal Yang-Mills Theories and Associated String Backgrounds

We study a class of near-BPS operators for a complex 2-parameter family of N=1 superconformal Yang-Mills theories that can be obtained by a Leigh-Strassler deformation of N=4 SYM theory. We identify these operators in the large N and large R-charge limit and compute their exact scaling dimensions using N=1 superspace methods. From these scaling dimensions we attempt to reverse-engineer the light-cone worldsheet theory that describes string propagation on the Penrose limit of the dual geometry.Comment: 47 pages, 1 figure, 1 table; v2 a few typos corrected; v3 added acknowledgements, a reference and improved discussion in section