Haematological and Serum Biochemical Characteristics of Rabbit Bucks Fed Diets Containing Garcinia Kola Seed Meal

The effect of diets containing Garcinia kola seed meal on blood characteristics of 36 growing rabbit bucks of about 3 months old were investigated in an experiment that lasted for 3 months. The animals were randomly assigned to 3 treatments of 3 replicates each. Three experimental diets, T1, (control; containing 0 % G. kola seed meal), T2 (2.5 % G. kola seed meal) and T3 (5 % G. kola seed meal) were administered ad libitum to the animals. The haematological parameters evaluated were; packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC) and differentials. There were significant (P<0.05) proliferation of total WBC and lymphocyte counts in T2 than in T1 and T3 which were similar (P>0.05). Serum biochemical analysis of total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and alanine phosphate (ALP), recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher aspartate amino transaminase (AST) in T2 (81.67+ 4.41 IU/L) than in T1 (61.0+2.52 IU/L) and T3 (68, 67+ 3.48 IU/L) which were similar (P>0.05). Alanine amino transaminase (ALT) were similar (P>0.05) in T2 (59.0+2.65 IU/L) and T3 (54.0+1.0 IU/L) but significantly (P<0.05) higher than T1 (42.33+4.63 IU/L). The results of this study indicate that G. kola seed meal increases lymphocyte count in rabbit bucks which also gives rise to a corresponding total white blood cell count. Serum biochemical characteristics showed a possible mild organ degenerations as evident in the significant (P<0.05) increase in aspartate amino transaminase (AST) and alanine amino transaminase (ALT) of animals consuming diets containing Garcinia kola seed meal. Keywords: Garcinia kola, haematological, biochemical, rabbits

Tuning of one-dimensional plasmons by Ag-Doping in Ag-√3-ordered atomic wires

We generated arrays of silver wires with a height of 1 atom and an average width of 11 atoms on the Si(557) surface via self-assembly with local √3 x √3 order, and investigated the 1D plasmon formation in them using a combination of high-resolution electron loss spectroscopy with low-energy electron diffraction. After a series of thermal desorption experiments followed by adding small concentrations of Ag, pure Ag-√3 ordered arrays of nanowires, separated by (113) facets, are intrinsically semi metallic or semiconducting, i.e., the metallicity of the Ag wires seems to be caused by excess atoms added to the (locally) perfectly ordered √3 x √3 layer. The proof has been carried out by post-adsorption of Ag atoms in the range between 0.004 to 0.03 monolayers and the quantitative determination of the frequency dependence of the 1D plasmon due to this excess Ag concentration. As expected for a doping mechanism, there is no minimum excess concentration. The lack of temperature dependence is not compatible with the formation of an adatom gas in the second layer, but suggests extrinsic doping by adatoms bound at the stepped (113) facets. Although strong deviations from a nearly free electron gas are expected in 1D, the Ag concentration dependence of the 1D plasmonic losses is fully compatible with the √ne dependence predicted by this model. Adsorption of traces of residual gas can have a qualitatively similar doping effect.Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur/Contacts in NanosystemsDF

Analysis of Abattoir records for Imo state, Nigeria from 1995 - 1999 IV: Incidence of Mastitis Amongs cattle, sheep and goats

A five-year data (1995–1999) on mastitis among slaughtered cattle, sheep and goats collected from the Federal Livestock Department (FLD), Imo State zonal office, was analysed to determine the prevalence of the condition among such animals in Imo State. Of the 8615 female animals handled at veterinary approved slaughter points during the period, 6230 (72.8%), 497(5.8%) and 1848(21.4%) were cows, ewes and does respectively. Mastitis was recorded among 405 (6.6%) of the cows, 77(15.5%) of the ewes and 352(19.1%) of the does. Across four seasons, mastitis was significantly higher (16.5% and 34.4%) among cattle and goats respectively during late dry (LD) season (

Origin of metallicity in atomic Ag wires on Si(557)

We investigated the metallicity of Ag-root 3 ordered atomic wires close to one monolayer (ML) coverage, which are formed on Si(557) via self assembly. For this purpose we combined high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy with tunneling microscopy. By extending the excess Ag coverage up to 0.6 ML on samples annealed at high temperatures where partial desorption occurs, we demonstrate that one-dimensional metallicity in the Ag-root 3 x root 3 R30 degrees ordered atomic wires on the (111) mini-terraces originates only from Ag atoms in excess of (local) monolayer coverage, which are adsorbed and localized at the highly stepped parts of the Si(557) surface. Thus these Ag atoms act as extrinsic dopants on the atomic scale, causing coverage dependent subband filling and increasing localization as a function of doping concentration. The second layer lattice gas as well as Ag islands on the (111) terraces turn out not to be relevant as dopants. We simulated the peculiar saturation behavior within a modified lattice gas model and give evidence that the preparation dependent saturation of doping is due to changes of average terrace size and step morphology induced by high temperature treatment.Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaftund KulturDFG/FOR/170

Relativistic quark models of baryons with instantaneous forces

This is the first of a series of three papers treating light baryon resonances (up to 3 GeV) within a relativistically covariant quark model based on the three-fermion Bethe-Salpeter equation with instantaneous two- and three-body forces. In this paper we give a unified description of the theoretical background and demonstrate how to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation by a reduction to the Salpeter equation. The specific new features of our covariant Salpeter model with respect to the usual nonrelativistic quark model are discussed in detail. The purely theoretical results obtained in this paper will be applied numerically to explicit quark models for light baryons in two subsequent papers