520 research outputs found
Does Product Type Affect Electronic Word-of-Mouth Richness Effectiveness? Influences of Message Valence and Consumer Knowledge
Drawing on the information richness theory, this study attempts to address how valence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), product type and consumer knowledge will yield different levels of eWOM richness. The results based on an experimental study suggest that negative eWOM has a stronger effect in producing eWOM information richness than does positive eWOM, and such effect is more pronounced for a leisure farm tour (experience goods) than for digital camera (search goods). The tendency that negative eWOM will provide richer information for the leisure farm tour is more evident for high-knowledge consumers than for low-knowledge consumers. The study’s results caution against the aggravated harm of negative eWOM incurred from the dissatisfactory experience of a leisure farm tour
An Effective Mixture-Of-Experts Approach For Code-Switching Speech Recognition Leveraging Encoder Disentanglement
With the massive developments of end-to-end (E2E) neural networks, recent
years have witnessed unprecedented breakthroughs in automatic speech
recognition (ASR). However, the codeswitching phenomenon remains a major
obstacle that hinders ASR from perfection, as the lack of labeled data and the
variations between languages often lead to degradation of ASR performance. In
this paper, we focus exclusively on improving the acoustic encoder of E2E ASR
to tackle the challenge caused by the codeswitching phenomenon. Our main
contributions are threefold: First, we introduce a novel disentanglement loss
to enable the lower-layer of the encoder to capture inter-lingual acoustic
information while mitigating linguistic confusion at the higher-layer of the
encoder. Second, through comprehensive experiments, we verify that our proposed
method outperforms the prior-art methods using pretrained dual-encoders,
meanwhile having access only to the codeswitching corpus and consuming half of
the parameterization. Third, the apparent differentiation of the encoders'
output features also corroborates the complementarity between the
disentanglement loss and the mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture.Comment: ICASSP 202
Genetic screen in Drosophila muscle identifies autophagy-mediated T-tubule remodeling and a Rab2 role in autophagy.
Transverse (T)-tubules make-up a specialized network of tubulated muscle cell membranes involved in excitation-contraction coupling for power of contraction. Little is known about how T-tubules maintain highly organized structures and contacts throughout the contractile system despite the ongoing muscle remodeling that occurs with muscle atrophy, damage and aging. We uncovered an essential role for autophagy in T-tubule remodeling with genetic screens of a developmentally regulated remodeling program in Drosophila abdominal muscles. Here, we show that autophagy is both upregulated with and required for progression through T-tubule disassembly stages. Along with known mediators of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, our screens uncovered an unexpected shared role for Rab2 with a broadly conserved function in autophagic clearance. Rab2 localizes to autophagosomes and binds to HOPS complex members, suggesting a direct role in autophagosome tethering/fusion. Together, the high membrane flux with muscle remodeling permits unprecedented analysis both of T-tubule dynamics and fundamental trafficking mechanisms
The incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism following hip fractures with or without surgery in Taiwan
AbstractBackgroundInformation on the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following hip fractures in Asia is rare. This study will investigate the epidemiology of symptomatic VTE in Taiwanese patients experiencing hip fractures.Methods and resultsWe used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database to retrospectively identify patients (≧45years) who experienced hip fractures from 1998 to 2007 and were followed up for 3months after the discharge. Logistic regression analysis determined the independent risk factors of symptomatic VTE after the fractures. We identified 134,034 patients (mean age: 76.2±9.7years; female: 57.8%) who experienced hip fractures, 83.2% of whom underwent hip surgery. The overall pharmacological thromboprophylaxis rate was 2.7%. The mean length of stay was 11.3±7.9days. The 3-month cumulative incidence of symptomatic VTE was 77 events per 10,000 persons. Multivariate analysis showed that previous DVT, previous PE, varicose veins, cancer, heart failure, renal insufficiency, and older age were independent risk factors of developing VTE.ConclusionsThe incidence of symptomatic VTE after hip fractures is low in Taiwan. Patients rarely received pharmacological thromboprophylaxis following hip fractures. Universal thromboprophylaxis for patients experiencing hip fractures was not necessary in Taiwan, but it should be considered in high-risk populations
Mass-accretion, spectral, and photometric properties of T Tauri stars in Taurus based on TESS and LAMOST
We present the analysis of 16 classical T Taur stars using LAMOST and TESS
data, investigating spectral properties, photometric variations, and
mass-accretion rates. All 16 stars exhibit emissions in H lines, from
which the average mass-accretion rate of
is derived. Two of the stars, DL Tau and Haro 6-13, show mass-accretion bursts
simultaneously in TESS, ASAS-SN, and/or ZTF survey. Based on these
observations, we find that the mass-accretion rates of DL Tau and Haro 6-13
reach their maximums of and during the TESS observation, respectively. We detect
thirteen flares among these stars. The flare frequency distribution shows that
the CTTSs' flare activity is not only dominated by strong flares with high
energy but much more active than those of solar-type and young low-mass stars.
By comparing the variability classes reported in the literature, we find that
the transition timescale between different classes of variability in CTTSs,
such as from Stochastic (S) to Bursting (B) or from quasi-periodic symmetric
(QPS) to quasi-periodic dipping (QPD), may range from 1.6 to 4 years. We
observe no significant correlation between inclination and mass-accretion rates
derived from the emission indicators. This suggests that inner disk properties
may be more important than that of outer disk. Finally, we find a relatively
significant positive correlation between the asymmetric metric "M" and the cold
disk inclination compared to the literature. A weak negative correlation
between the periodicity metric "Q" value and inclination has been also found.Comment: 39 pages, 22 figures, 8 table
PEFT for Speech: Unveiling Optimal Placement, Merging Strategies, and Ensemble Techniques
Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is increasingly recognized as an
effective method in speech processing. However, the optimal approach and the
placement of PEFT methods remain inconclusive. Our study conducts extensive
experiments to compare different PEFT methods and their layer-wise placement
adapting Differentiable Architecture Search (DARTS). We also explore the use of
ensemble learning to leverage diverse PEFT strategies. The results reveal that
DARTS does not outperform the baseline approach, which involves inserting the
same PEFT method into all layers of a Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) model. In
contrast, an ensemble learning approach, particularly one employing majority
voting, demonstrates superior performance. Our statistical evidence indicates
that different PEFT methods learn in varied ways. This variation might explain
why the synergistic integration of various PEFT methods through ensemble
learning can harness their unique learning capabilities more effectively
compared to individual layer-wise optimization.Comment: Accepted to ICASSP 2024 Self-supervision in Audio, Speech and Beyond
(SASB) worksho
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