Antidiabetic Molecular Mechanisms of Active Compounds from Several Orchids

Hyperglycemia condition that leads to diabetes causes various complications. Various active compounds from plants have been studied for their antidiabetic abilities. One of them is the orchid plant. Besides being used as decoration, orchids contain several active compounds that have been proven to be used in medicine, including diabetes. This article discusses the antidiabetic mechanism of several active compounds obtained from orchids. Publication regarding orchid plant for diabetes were found in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, and Springer. Keywords used in this study were “orchid”, “diabetes”, “hyperglycemia”, “compound” and “herbal”. Out of the 447 collected articles (published in the period between 2011 and 2022), 416 were excluded due to non-relevant studies. There were 31 eligible studies included in this article. In conclusion, the antidiabetic mechanisms of the orchid extracts were as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-glycation agents, increasing insulin action, influencing lipid metabolism, and inhibiting α‑amylase and α‑glucosidase activity.

Application of Highly Purified Electrolyzed Chlorine Dioxide for Tilapia Fillet Disinfection

This research aimed to develop an electrolysis method to generate high-concentration chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for tilapia fillet disinfection. The designed generator produced up to 3500 ppm of ClO2 at up to 99% purity. Tilapia fillets were soaked in a 400 ppm ClO2 solution for 5, 10, and 25 min. Results show that total plate counts of tilapia, respectively, decreased by 5.72 to 3.23, 2.10, and 1.09 log CFU/g. In addition, a 200 ppm ClO2 solution eliminated coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in 5 min with shaking treatment. Furthermore, ClO2 and trihalomethanes (THMs) residuals on tilapia fillets were analyzed by GC/MS and were nondetectable (GC-MS detection limit was 0.12 ppb). The results conform to Taiwan’s environmental protection regulations and act governing food sanitation

Time for Singapore to Relook Abortion Law

Figure S1. Effect of anti-ITGA2 antibody on cell morphology. The AGS cells were treated with a 3 Οg of the anti-ITGA2 antibodies or isotype control antibodies (negative control) for 48 h, and cell morphology was observed at 200X magnification. Data are representative of three independent experiments. (PPTX 1463 kb

Volatile and Nonvolatile Constituents and Antioxidant Capacity of Oleoresins in Three Taiwan Citrus Varieties as Determined by Supercritical Fluid Extraction

As local varieties of citrus fruit in Taiwan, Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco), Tankan (C. tankan Hayata), and Murcott (C. reticulate × C. sinensis) face substantial competition on the market. In this study, we used carbon dioxide supercritical technology to extract oleoresin from the peels of the three citrus varieties, adding alcohol as a solvent assistant to enhance the extraction rate. The supercritical fluid extraction was fractionated with lower terpene compounds in order to improve the oxygenated amounts of the volatile resins. The contents of oleoresin from the three varieties of citrus peels were then analyzed with GC/MS in order to identify 33 volatile compounds. In addition, the analysis results indicated that the non-volatile oleoresin extracted from the samples contains polymethoxyflavones (86.2~259.5 mg/g), limonoids (111.7~406.2 mg/g), and phytosterols (686.1~1316.4 μg/g). The DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS [2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] scavenging and inhibition of lipid oxidation, which test the oleoresin from the three kinds of citrus, exhibited significant antioxidant capacity. The component polymethoxyflavones contributed the greatest share of the overall antioxidant capacity, while the limonoid and phytosterol components effectively coordinated with its effects