Productivity of various barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars under semi-arid conditions in southern Russia

ArticleDrought is a significant factor limiting crop production in arid conditions. In the dry climatic weather situation of southern Russia, ten - year laboratory trials and subsequent field experiments were laid out on various barley varieties collected across the globe during 2007 – 2017 period. This study was conducted to ascertain from the collection of barley cultivars of the entire world which one is best suited to stressful climatic conditions by being tolerant to drought, heat and salinity which can be adopted for barley breeding. According to the results obtained, the varieties that are tolerant to dry climatic conditions are as follows: Alga (Lithuania), Brenda, Henni (Germany), Décor (Great Britain), Furat 5 (Syria), Vakula (Ukraine), Ataman (Belarus) and Vladimir (Russia); heat resistant varieties are: Brenda (Germany), Alga (Lithuania), Furat 5 (Syria), Ataman (Belarus) , Vladimir and Ratnik (Russia); Salt - resistant varieties: Alga (Lithuania), Henni (Germany) and Vladimir (Russia). The selected varieties did not show any sign of adverse weather effect resulting in stable grain productivity throughout the entire duration of this research over the years, they had large grain size and stable 1 , 000 grains weight. However, the yield of selected cultivars varied over the years which was about 1.1 – 1.4 t ha - 1

АГРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СОРТОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ НА СВЕТЛО-КАШТАНОВЫХ ПОЧВАХ АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ПРИ ПОЛИВЕ ДОЖДЕВАНИЕМ

The article presents the results of a study of varieties collection of different ecological-geographic origin on light-brown soils in the summer planting and watering irrigation. The promising, high-yielding varieties for cultivation in the Astrakhan region were selected.В статье изложены результаты изучения коллекции сортов картофеля различного эколого-географического происхождения на светло-каштановых почвах при летней посадке и поливе дождеванием. Проведенное агробиологическое изучение коллекций ранних и среднеранних сортов картофеля, в условиях летней посадки при орошении дождеванием, позволило выделить сорта: по скороспелости (ранние – Ред Скарлетт и Импала (64-72 суток), и среднеранние – Адретта, Невский, Кураж, Сокольский (64-78 суток)), а также по урожайности (ранние – Колетте (67,7 т/га), Импала (60,2) и среднеранние – Ресурс (69,3), Альвара (67,5), Ильинский (67,5), Эффект (56,4)). Для возделывания в условиях Астраханской области при орошении дождеванием целесообразно и экономически оправдано возделывание сортов Колетте, Импала, Ресурс, Альвара, Ильинский, Эффект, которые способны давать стабильные урожаи товарного картофеля свыше 45 т/га

AGRO-BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF POTATO VARIETIES ON LIGHT-BROWN SOILS ASTRAKHAN REGION AT WATERING SPRINKLING

The article presents the results of a study of varieties collection of different ecological-geographic origin on light-brown soils in the summer planting and watering irrigation. The promising, high-yielding varieties for cultivation in the Astrakhan region were selected

Drought-resistant accessions spring barley

Conducted a study on drought resistance and heat resistance of spring barley accessions in the field and laboratory conditions. Distinguished accessions possessing drought combined with high productivity under arid conditions, which can be used in breeding work on drought tolerance

Influence growth stimulants on productivity and fraction of tubers of different varieties of potatoes on light-brown soils Lower Volga region

The article discusses the impact of Baikal EM - 1, Epin-extra, humate +7 micronutrients on yield and fractional composition of 9 varieties of potato cultivation on light-brown soils under drip irrigation in the steppe zone of the Lower Volga region

Ecological-Phytocenotic Organization of Psammophytic Communities of the Tsimlyanskiy Sandy Massif

Aim. Evaluation of species diversity and ecological and phytocenotic organization of psammophytic communities of the grass-shrub layer of the Tsimlyanskiy sandy massif, Rostovskaya Oblast and Volgogradskaya Oblast, Russian FederationMaterial and Methods. Generally accepted methods in environmental-geobotanical surveys were used. Species composition and yield of phytocenoses, dominant species and relative percentages of species in the phytomass were determined and vegetation groups were identified with respect to soil moisture and to nutrition.Results. 69 species from 17 families were identified. The largest number of species is from the Asteraceae (18), Poaceae (15) and Fabaceae (12) families. In terms of classification in relation to moisture, the largest numbers of species were xeromesophytes (30) and xerophytes (23). Species saturation was assessed as 3-6 species per 1 m2. The vegetation of the massif is azonal with a tendency in the direction of decreasing xerophyticity and the intrusion of meadow-bog and forest communities. As regards classification according to nutrition, of the total number of species, the largest number was of meso-trophs (41). In the communities of sandy steppe II terraces grains dominate (66.5%) with the proportion of grasses being 33%. Here 16 species were identified with a high proportion of the herbs Agropyron pectinatum (Bieb.) Beauv., Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski, Festuca valesiaca Gaudin, F. beckeri (Hack.) Trautv., Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis and Stipa capillata L., S. pennata L. Conclusions. The Tsimlyanskiy sand massif is characterised by regionally bo-tanico-geographic specific vegetation. In the flora, there are typical hemip-sammophilous and psammophilous species with a dominance of cereals -characteristic of the regional soil and climatic conditions. The species composition of communities varies depending on the landscape-ecological conditions

СОРТОИЗУЧЕНИЕ И АДАПТАЦИЯ СОРТОВ РАННЕГО И СРЕДНЕРАННЕГО КАРТОФЕЛЯ АРИДНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ НИЖНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ НА КАПЕЛЬНОМ ОРОШЕНИИ

Potatoes are high-plastic plants that can be grown in almost all climates. In the Lower Volga, in the conditions of strong spring drought, high temperatures and soil throughout the growing season, lack of rainfall, potatoes can be grown only for irrigation. To obtain high and stable yields in these difficult conditions it is necessary to research varieties and its adaptation.Картофель - высокопластичное растение, способное произрастать практически во всех климатических зонах. В условиях Нижнего Поволжья, при часто случающихся сильных весенних засухах, высоких температурах воздуха и почвы на протяжении всей вегетации, отсутствии необходимого количества атмосферных осадков, картофель можно выращивать только на орошении. Для получения высоких и стабильных урожаев в этих сложных условиях необходимо проводить сортоизучение и адаптацию сортов картофеля

Impact of foliar fertilization on apple and pear trees in reconciling productivity and alleviation of environmental concerns under arid conditions

Drought and heat stress are significant factors limiting fruit crop yield in arid conditions. Foliar fertilization is a common practice of supplying fruit crop production with mineral nutrients, especially under limited soil nutrient availability conditions. To evaluate potential effectiveness of the foliar application of macro-, micronutrient and growth regulators on dynamics of physiological parameters of the pear and apple cultivars under abiotic stresses, three–year experiments were carried out under arid conditions at the Russian Research Institute of Arid Agriculture during the 2015–2017 growing seasons. It has been revealed that foliar nutrition reduces the negative influence of heat stress, stabilizes the functional state of plants, thereby enhancing resistance to drought. During the most severe drought periods of vegetation, under the influence of foliar nutrition, there was a significant increase in the total water content (TWC), relative leaf turgidity (RLT) and water retention capacity (WRC); and also index of leaf water deficiency (LWD) was improved as compared to the non-treated control. All foliar treatments involving the macro-, micronutrient and growth regulators significantly enhanced fruit crop yield of pear and apple varieties over the control, yield enhancement was obtained 2.7–22.0 t ha−1 for the Talgar beauty (pear variety), 2.2–19.3 t ha−1 for the Renet Symirenko (apple variety), and 1.6–10.5 t ha−1 for the Starkrimson (apple variety). The most effective treatments for water consumption coefficient (WCC) were plantafol and speedphol. The results suggest that foliar plantafol and speedfol could be used as part of an efficient, sustainable fertilizer program for apple and pear trees for maintaining or improving fruit quality, productivity, and avoiding negative efficacy of abiotic stresses. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Productivity of various barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars under semi-arid conditions in Southern Russia

Drought is a significant factor limiting crop production in arid conditions. In the dry climatic weather situation of southern Russia, ten-year laboratory trials and subsequent field experiments were laid out on various barley varieties collected across the globe during 2007-2017 period. This study was conducted to ascertain from the collection of barley cultivars of the entire world which one is best suited to stressful climatic conditions by being tolerant to drought, heat and salinity which can be adopted for barley breeding. According to the results obtained, the varieties that are tolerant to dry climatic conditions are as follows: Alga (Lithuania), Brenda, Henni (Germany), Decor (Great Britain), Furat 5 (Syria), Vakula (Ukraine), Ataman (Belarus) and Vladimir (Russia); heat resistant varieties are: Brenda (Germany), Alga (Lithuania), Furat 5 (Syria), Ataman (Belarus), Vladimir and Ratnik (Russia); Salt-resistant varieties: Alga (Lithuania), Henni (Germany) and Vladimir (Russia). The selected varieties did not show any sign of adverse weather effect resulting in stable grain productivity throughout the entire duration of this research over the years, they had large grain size and stable 1,000 grains weight. However, the yield of selected cultivars varied over the years which was about 1.1-1.4 t ha-1. © 2018, Eesti Pollumajandusulikool. All rights reserved