Preparation and properties of silicon- and titanium-containing hybrid nanocomposite films based on ethyl cellulose

Nanocomposite hybrid films containing silicon and titanium compounds in the polymer matrix are prepared through the sol-gel method via the hydrolytic polycondensation of Si and Ti alkoxides (tetraethoxysilane and titanium tetrabutoxide) in the THF solution of a hydrophobic polymer, ethyl cellulose. Their structure and properties are studied with the use of a complex of physicochemical methods. During the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane and the subsequent polycondensation of the reaction products, silicon atoms are incorporated into the polymer and form -O-Si-O-bonds involving hydroxyl groups of ethyl cellulose. In the sol-gel method, titanium alkoxide yields nanosized particles of titanium dioxide that play the role of fillers in the polymer matrix. Titanium-containing films show solubility in THF and, after prolonged contact with the solvent, precipitate titanium dioxide from the solution. Hybrid films containing silicon are insoluble owing to the formation of a chemical network between polymer molecules and Si-OH groups of the products of hydrolysis of silicon alkoxide, as confirmed by the IR data. It is shown that the amounts and types of alkoxides and the diameters of the structures formed in the polymer matrix via the sol-gel procedure affect the hydrophilicity levels of ethyl cellulose hybrid films and their abilities to swell in water and aqueous solutions of organic dyes (brilliant blue and methylene blue). Ethyl cellulose hybrid films are hydrophilic, and they facilitate the removal of dye molecules from aqueous solutions. The best properties are featured by the films containing nanosized particles of titanium dioxide in the polymer matrix. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Assessment of the quality and the efficiency of orthodontic treatment of children in different age periods

Purpose of the study: an analysis of the treatment outcomes of orthodontic patients in the «Dental clinic №2» in Cheljabinsk in 2005 - 2009 years. Object of study: children 6-18 years old. For the assessment of the quality and the efficiency of orthodontic treatment in «The dental clinic №2» in Cheljabinsk 155 complete treatment of cases of children in different age periods were taken. The full history included diagnosis list, treatment plan, models and cefalogramms before and after the treatment, dental and face photos before and after the treatment. Results: for the best assessment of the quality and the efficiency of orthodontic treatment in the «Dental clinic №2» in Cheljabinsk the special index (IIA) was developed and implemented. This index evaluates the degree of the complexity of the anomalies of malocclusion for each child, the result and the quality of the orthodontists work, predict the timing and effectiveness of planned treatment. Analysis of the orthodontics treatment by means of special index IIA in the «Dental clinic №2» in Cheljabinsk indicates a high level of the orthodontic care. Findings: proposed index IIA is easy to work, IIA evaluate the efficiency of correction of pathology at the dental and skeletal level for different ages. You can use this IIA index to establish standards of orthodontics treatment. Achiement of the quality of orthodontic care is the result of quality management systems, tecnologic processes and resources.Цель работы: провести анализ результатов лечения пациентов с аномалиями челюстно-лицевой системы в медицинском учреждении «Стоматологическая поликлиника №2» города Челябинска за 2005-2009 годы. Объект исследования: дети, обратившиеся за ортодонтической помощью в возрасте от 6 до 18 лет. Для оценки эффективности качества ортодонтической помощи в «Стоматологической поликлинике №2» были отобраны 155 амбулаторных карт пациентов, разного возраста, окончивших ортодонтическое лечение, подняты из архива контрольно-диагностические модели до и после лечения, рассмотрены лицевые и дентальные фотографии выбранных пациентов до и после лечения. Основные результаты: для оценки эффективности проведенного лечения введен специально разработанный индекс - иллюстрирующий индекс аномалии зубочелюстной системы (ИИА). Индекс позволяет оценить степень сложности патологии у каждого ребенка до лечения, прогнозировать сроки и эффективность планируемого лечения, оценить полученный результат и качество работы врача-ортодонта. Оценка качества и эффективности ортодонтического лечения, проведенная на базе медицинского учреждения «Стоматологическая поликлиника №2» Челябинского городского округа при помощи иллюстрирующего индекса аномалии зубочелюстной системы, свидетельствует о высоком уровне и качестве предоставляемой стоматологической услуги в детском отделении. Основные выводы: предложенный индекс ИИА удобен в работе и позволяет наглядно оценить эффективность коррекции патологии и на дентальном, и на скелетном уровне, в разные возрастные периоды и может использоваться при разработке стандартов оказания ортодонтической помощи. Достижение качества медицинской помощи является следствием качественных систем организации помощи, технологических процессов и ресурсов

Структура комплекса включения дисульфирама с гидроксипропил-β-циклодекстрином

Disulfiram is an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase, reduced lipid peroxidation, and can be an effective pharmaceutical substance for the treatment of cataracts. Unfortunately, the use of disulfiram in ophthalmology is limited due to its practically insoluble in water. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is an effective solubilizing agent and has long been used in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to its structure hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin forms inclusion complexes with pharmaceutical substance which soluble in water is limited. In this paper it was investigated a new method of obtaining inclusion complex of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin with disulfiram. Inclusion complex prepared and isolated in powder form, the formation of inclusion complex and its physicochemical properties was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and UVspectrophotometry.На основании проведенных исследований предложен метод получения комплекса включения дисульфирама с гидроксипропил-β-циклодекстрином. Разработанная методология позволила получить комплекс включения в порошкообразном виде, изучить его физико-химические свойства и подтвердить образование комплекса включения методами порошковой рентгеновской дифракции и УФ-спектрофотометрии

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФОТОСЕНСИБИЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПИИ НА ОСНОВЕ ЦИКЛОДЕКСТРИНОВОЙ КОМПОЗИЦИИ МЕТИЛОВОГО ЭФИРА 133-N-(N-МЕТИЛНИКОТИНИЛ) БАКТЕРИОПУРПУРИНИМИДА

Cationic bacteriochlorins are promising as antibacterial photosensitizers (PS) for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Current work is devoted to the study of properties of new nanostructured cationic photosensitizer based on cyclodextrin dispersion of bacteriochlorine derivative – 133-N-(N-methylnicotinyl)-bacteriopurpurinimide methyl ester, for optimization of dispersion composition and selection of time interval between administration of the PS and photodynamic ttherapy of infected septic wounds. Specifics of absorption and fluorescence of PS in dependence of its concentration and proportions of components in dispersion was assessed. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of PS were studies in vivo in organs and tissues of intact mice and septic wounds infected with P. аeruginosa or S. aureus. The preliminary studies have shown high efficiency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of septic wounds with cyclodextrin dispersion of 133-N-(N-methylnicotinyl)-bacteriopurpurinimide methyl ester. Results of study of absorption and spectral and fluorescence properties of its drug formulation depending on its composition allowed to recommend the use of weight ratio 133-N-(N-methylnicotinyl)bacteriopurpurinimide methyl ester : cyclodextrin about 1:200 and addition of 0,1% Tween 80 to reduce aggregation. The study showed that 133-N-(N-methylnicotinyl)-bacteriopurpurinimide methyl ester was rapidly cleared from mouse blood circulation: more than 70% – for 2 h, 95% – for 1 day, more than 99% – for 6 days. About 98% was cleared from skin and muscles for 6 days. The long-term (up to 24 h) persistence of PS were observed in liver and kidneys, however more than 99% was cleared for 6 days. Thus, it may be supposed that elimination of PS form mice body is through kidneys and liver. After 24 h partial PS aggregation in tissues, particularly in skin and muscles, was observed. Thus, it may be supposed that the reduce of fluorescence intensity after 24 hand later was associated not only with its elimination from body but with its aggregation. Spectral and fluorescence studies showed that 133-N-(Nmethylnicotinyl)-bacteriopurpurinimide methyl ester selectively accumulated in septic wounds, fluorescence contrast was in the range of 3–4. The highest values of concentration and selectivity of its accumulation were achieved at 1.5–3 h after intravenous injection. The irradiation 2 h after injection provided high efficacy of the therapy of septic wounds.Катионные бактериохлорины перспективны как антимикробные фотосенсибилизаторы для антибактериальной фотодинамической терапии. Настоящая работа посвящена изучению свойств нового наноструктурированного катионного фотосенсибилизатора на основе циклодекстриновой дисперсии производного бактериохлорина – метилового эфира 133-N-(N-метилникотинил)бактериопурпуринимида (КБХ), с целью оптимизации состава дисперсии и выбора интервала времени от введения фотосенсибилизатора до проведения фотодинамической терапии инфицированных гнойных ран. Оценены особенности поглощения и флуоресценции фотосенсибилизатора в зависимости от его концентрации и соотношения между компонентами дисперсии. Изучена фармакокинетика и биораспределение фотосенсибилизатора в органах и тканях интактных мышей и гнойных ранах, инфицированных P. аeruginosa или S. aureus. Предварительные исследования показали высокую эффективность антимикробной фотодинамической терапии инфицированных гнойных ран с циклодекстрированной дисперсией КБХ. Проведенные исследования поглощения и спектрально-флуоресцентных свойств его лекарственной формы в зависимости от ее состава позволили рекомендовать использование массового отношения КБХ : циклодекстрин около 1:200 и введение для уменьшения агрегации 0,1% Твин-80. Установлено, что КБХ быстро выводится из кровотока мыши: более 70% – за 2 ч, 95% – за 1 сут , более 99% – за 6 сут. Из кожи и мышц около 98% выводится за 6 сут. Фотосенсибилизатор накапливается и удерживается до 24 ч в печени и почках. Это позволяет предположить, что элиминирование фотосенсибилизатора из организма мышей происходит через почки и печень. Обнаружено, что в тканях, в частности, в коже и мышцах, через 24 ч наблюдается частичная агрегация фотосенсибилизатора. Это позволяет предположить, что уменьшение интенсивности его флуоресценции через 24 и более часа связано не только с его элиминацией из организма, но и с агрегацией. Спектрально-флуоресцентное исследования показали, что КБХ селективно накапливается в инфицированных ранах, флуоресцентная контрастность лежит в пределах 3–4. Наиболее высокие значения концентрации и селективности его накопления в инфицированных ранах были достигнуты через 1,5–3 ч после внутривенного введения. Облучение через 2 ч после введения обеспечило высокую эффективность терапии инфицированных гнойных ран

STANDARDIZATION OF INCLUSION COMPLEX OF DISULFIRAM WITH HYDROXYPROPYL-β-CYCLODEXTRIN FOR USE AS PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES

The State Pharmacopoeia XIII sets out the main principles of quality of pharmaceutical substances listed parametrs that should be included in the regulatory documents, given the characteristics of these indicators and recommendations for their regulation. Input quality control performance and valuation limits must comply with the appointment of the pharmaceutical substance. This paper presents the key indicators that can be used to standardize the inclusion complex of disulfiram with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for later use as a pharmaceutical substance

CYCLODEXTRINS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY (REVIEW)

In the review describes the main properties of cyclodextrins and their potential use in the formulations in various dosage forms as excipients, by which it becomes possible to modify the solubility of drugs, increase the bioavailability and stability of the drug

Hydrophilic nature and sorption-diffusion properties of nanocomposite hybrid polysulfone films

Hybrid nanocomposite films containing silica (≥11.4 wt.%) or titania (≥18.8 wt.%) in the polymer matrix were prepared by the sol-gel method using the hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane and tetrabutoxysilane in a THF solution of aromatic polymer, polysulfone (PSF). The influence of the oxide nature and the film composition on the structure, the interaction of the polymer with oxides, hydrophilicity, and sorption-diffusion properties of the hybrid films were studied by FTIR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and a complex of other physicochemical methods. The absence of chemical or intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the polymer and oxide particles in the PSF films was shown. The average size of the oxides (SiO 2, ∼20 nm; TiO2, ∼90 nm) in the films and roughness of their surface (∼0.2-0.8 nm) were determined. The introduction of oxides into the polymer matrix increases the hydrophilic properties and the ability of the PSF films to swell in water; the diffusion coefficients of water and permeability of water vapor in the PSF films also increase. Titania also induces a more considerable change in the structure of the polymer matrix and more strongly affects the sorption-diffusion properties of the hybrid films in aqueous solutions of THF. All prepared nanocomposite films PSF/SiO2 and PSF/TiO2 are capable of extracting an organic component from aqueous solutions and can be used as sorbents and membrane films for the removal of organic substances from the aqueous medium. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Structure of inclusion complex of disulfiram with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Disulfiram is an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase, reduced lipid peroxidation, and can be an effective pharmaceutical substance for the treatment of cataracts. Unfortunately, the use of disulfiram in ophthalmology is limited due to its practically insoluble in water. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is an effective solubilizing agent and has long been used in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to its structure hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin forms inclusion complexes with pharmaceutical substance which soluble in water is limited. In this paper it was investigated a new method of obtaining inclusion complex of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin with disulfiram. Inclusion complex prepared and isolated in powder form, the formation of inclusion complex and its physicochemical properties was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and UVspectrophotometry

U-Th-He geochronology of pyrite from alteration of the au-fe-skarn novogodnee-monto deposit (Polar urals, Russia)—The next step in the development of a new approach for direct dating of ore-forming processes

We report on the application of the U-Th-He method for the direct dating of pyrite from the alteration halo of the Novogodnee-Monto Au-Fe-skarn deposit, Polar Urals. The deposit is genetically related to the formation of volcanogenic complexes of the Ural Paleozoic belt. A modification of the original methodology for measuring U, Th and He isotopes in a single grain allowed us to determine a U-Th-He age of 382 ± 8 Ma (2σ) based on six pyrite samples from the altered rocks of the deposit (U mass fraction ~0.2 mg/kg; Th/U ~ 3.5;4He specific volume ~ 10−5 cm3·STP·g−1). This age is consistent with estimates of the age of ore formation and coeval with the end of the period of island arc magmatic activity. Our results indicate that U-Th-He dating for pyrite samples of ~1 mg in weight from the hydrothermal-metasomatic halo of ore bodies is possible, providing a crucial next step in the development of U-Th-He pyrite geochronology. © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland