14 research outputs found
PyGOM - A Python Package for Simplifying Modelling with Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations
Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) are used throughout science where the
capture of rates of change in states is sought. While both pieces of commercial
and open software exist to study such systems, their efficient and accurate
usage frequently requires deep understanding of mathematics and programming.
The package we present here, PyGOM, seeks to remove these obstacles for models
based on ODE systems. We provide a simple interface for the construction of
such systems backed by a comprehensive and easy to use tool--box. This
tool--box implements functions to easily perform common operations for ODE
systems such as solving, parameter estimation, and stochastic simulation. The
package source is freely available and organized in a way that permits easy
extension. With both the algebraic and numeric calculations performed
automatically (but still accessible), the end user is freed to focus on model
development.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure
Low-Lying States of the Six-Dimensional Fractional Superstring
The fractional superstring Fock space is constructed in terms of
\bZ_4 parafermions and free bosons. The bosonization of the \bZ_4
parafermion theory and the generalized commutation relations satisfied by the
modes of various parafermion fields are reviewed. In this preliminary analysis,
we describe a Fock space which is simply a tensor product of \bZ_4
parafermion and free boson Fock spaces. It is larger than the Lorentz-covariant
Fock space indicated by the fractional superstring partition function. We
derive the form of the fractional superconformal algebra that may be used as
the constraint algebra for the physical states of the FSS. Issues concerning
the associativity, modings and braiding properties of the fractional
superconformal algebra are also discussed. The use of the constraint algebra to
obtain physical state conditions on the spectrum is illustrated by an
application to the massless fermions and bosons of the fractional
superstring. However, we fail to generalize these considerations to the massive
states. This means that the appropriate constraint algebra on the fractional
superstring Fock space remains to be found. Some possible ways of doing this
are discussed.Comment: 69 pages, LaTeX, CLNS 91/112
PyGOM - A Python Package for Simplifying Modelling with Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations
D1.1: Representation of Risks in Online Communities
This report addresses risk representation, identification, assessment and forecasting in online communities. The goal is to set the corner stone for a framework that enables proactive management of risks and opportunities. The research results shown in this document cover risk evaluation techniques as well as risk management principles. This report is deliverable D1.1
Cable television and telephony in the telecommunications act of 1996: Economics, law, regulation and politics
Interferon-g primes macrophages for pathogen ligand-induced killing via a caspase-8 and mitochondrial cell death pathway
Cell death plays an important role during pathogen infections. Here, we report that interferon-g (IFNg) sensitizes macrophages to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced death that requires macrophage-intrinsic death ligands and caspase-8 enzymatic activity, which trigger the mitochondrial apoptotic effectors, BAX and BAK. The pro-apoptotic caspase-8 substrate BID was dispensable for BAX and BAK activation. Instead, caspase-8 reduced pro-survival BCL-2 transcription and increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), thus facilitating BAX and BAK signaling. IFNg-primed, TLR-induced macrophage killing required iNOS, which licensed apoptotic caspase-8 activity and reduced the BAX and BAK inhibitors, A1 and MCL-1. The deletion of iNOS or caspase-8 limited SARS-CoV-2-induced disease in mice, while caspase-8 caused lethality independent of iNOS in a model of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. These findings reveal that iNOS selectively licenses programmed cell death, which may explain how nitric oxide impacts disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection and other iNOS-associated inflammatory conditions