DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF SELEGILINE BIONANOSUSPENSIONS USING BUCHANANIA LANZAN AS BIOSTABILIZER

Objective: Development and evaluation of selegiline-loaded bio-nanosuspensions using biopolymer which was isolated from seeds of Buchanania lanzan (Chironji), used as biostabilizer and compared with standard polymer. Methods: The selegiline-loaded bio-nanosuspensions were prepared using novel biopolymer and standard stabilizer (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) by sonication solvent evaporation method with different ratios (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) and evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH stability studies, percentage entrapment efficacy, in vitro drug release, and stability studies. Results: The prepared selegiline bio-nanosuspensions were subjected to the best formulation based on comparison of above-mentioned evaluation parameters, so Fb2 (2%) formulation was found to be the best formulation showing an R2=0.9842, T50% of 32 h and T80% of 70 h, respectively. According to the release kinetics, the best fit model was found to be Peppas-Korsmeyer with Fickian diffusion (Higuchi matrix) as the mechanism of drug release, and Fs5 (5%) formulation was found to be the best formulation showing an R2=0.9564, T50% of 25 h and T80% of 60 h, respectively. According to the release kinetics, the best fit model was found to be Peppas-Korsmeyer with Fickian diffusion (Higuchi matrix) as the mechanism of drug release. The biopolymer provided excellent stability for the formulation and resulting particle size for the best formulation was found to be 360 nm. The best formulation was found to be polydispersity index of 0.43 with zeta potential of −5.12 mV. Conclusion: The prepared bio-nanosuspensions using biopolymer were found to be safe and compatible with the novel drug delivery for the treatment of depression in comparison of standard polymer

SMART INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR DESIGNING FLUVOXAMINE LOADED BIO-NANOSUSPENSION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DEPRESSION

Objective: Design and evaluation of fluvoxamine loaded bio-nanosuspensions using biopolymer which was isolated from the wood of Santalum album used as the stabilizer.Methods: The main aim of the present investigation was to obtain an ocular drug delivery system with improved stability using biopolymer. The fluvoxamine loaded Bio-nanosuspension was prepared using novel biopolymer isolated from Santalum album by sonication solvent evaporation method with different ratios (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) and evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH stability studies, %entrapment efficacy, in vitro drug release, stability studies.Results: The prepared bio-nanosuspension was subjected to the best formulation based on the comparison of above-mentioned evaluation parameters, so Fb3 (3%) formulation was found to be the best formulation showing an R2 value of 0.9744, T50% of 31.3 h and T80% of 50.1 h respectively. According to the release kinetics, the best fit model was found to be Peppas Korsmeyer with Fickian Diffusion (Higuchi Matrix) as the mechanism of drug release. Santalum album provided excellent stability for the formulation, and resulting particle size for the best formulation was found to be 196 nm. The bio-nanosuspension had Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.19 with zeta potential of-20mV.Conclusion: The prepared bio-nanosuspension was found to be safe and compatible with the ophthalmic delivery for treatment of depression

Correlation and path analysis studies in onion (Allium cepa) genotypes

The present study was carried out at the experimental farm of the Department of Vegetable Sciences, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during the winter (rabi) season of 2019–20 and 2020–21 to study the genetic variability, correlation and path studies in 30 different genotypes of the onion (Allium cepa L.) crop. All genotypes reflected a wide and significant spectrum of variability for all the traits under study. Genotypes UHF-ONI-13, UHF-ONI-15 and UHF-ONI-16 outperformed other genotypes in terms of yield and other critical horticultural characteristics. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability were high for doubles/deformed bulbs, moderate for leaf length, plant height, average bulb weight, bulb yield per plot and per hectare. High heritability along with high to moderate genetic gain was observed for doubles/deformed bulbs, leaf length, plant height, average bulb weight, bulb yield per plot and bulb yield per hectare, which suggested that improvement can be achieved through simple selection. Bulb yield had significant and positive correlation with average bulb weight, equatorial diameter, plant height, polar diameter, days to harvest and days to 50% neck fall. Path analysis showed that bulb weight, equatorial diameter, bulb shape index, neck thickness, total soluble solids, plant height and leaf length had a positive direct effect on bulb yield

Phylogenomic analysis of 20S proteasome gene family reveals stress-responsive patterns in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

The core particle represents the catalytic portions of the 26S proteasomal complex. The genes encoding a- and b-subunits play a crucial role in protecting plants against various environmental stresses by controlling the quality of newly produced proteins. The 20S proteasome gene family has already been reported in model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice; however, they have not been studied in oilseed crops such as rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). In the present study, we identified 20S proteasome genes for a- (PA) and b-subunits (PB) in B. napus through systematically performed gene structure analysis, chromosomal location, conserved motif, phylogenetic relationship, and expression patterns. A total of 82 genes, comprising 35 BnPA and 47 BnPB of the 20S proteasome, were revealed in the B. napus genome. These genes were distributed on all 20 chromosomes of B. napus and most of these genes were duplicated on homoeologous chromosomes. The BnPA (a1-7) and BnPB (b1-7) genes were phylogenetically placed into seven clades. The pattern of expression of all the BnPA and BnPB genes was also studied using RNA-seq datasets under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Out of 82 BnPA/PB genes, three exhibited high expression under abiotic stresses, whereas two genes were overexpressed in response to biotic stresses at both the seedling and flowering stages. Moreover, an additional eighteen genes were expressed under normal conditions. Overall, the current findings developed our understanding of the organization of the 20S proteasome genes in B. napus and provided specific BnPA/PB genes for further functional research in response to abiotic and biotic stresses

Solar retinopathy in India: Clinical presentation and demographic distribution in 253 patients (349 eyes)

Purpose: To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and presentation of solar retinopathy in patients who presented to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting to the hospital between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of solar retinopathy in at least one eye were included in the study. All the data was collected using an electronic medical record system. Results: Three hundred and forty-nine eyes of 253 (0.01%) patients were diagnosed with solar retinopathy and included in the study, and 157 patients (62.06%) had a unilateral affliction. Solar retinopathy was noted to be significantly more common in males (73.12%) and adults (98.81%). The most common age group at presentation was during the sixth decade of life with 56 (22.13%) patients. They were more commonly from the rural geography (41.9%). Among the 349 eyes, 275 (78.8%) eyes had mild or no visual impairment (20/70–20/200) found in 45 (12.89%) eyes. The most commonly associated ocular comorbidity was cataract in 48 (13.75%) eyes, followed by epiretinal membrane in 38 (10.89%) eyes. The most common retinal damage seen was interdigitation zone (IZ) disruption (38.68%), followed by inner segment–outer segment (IS–OS) disruption (33.52%). Foveal atrophy was seen in 105 (30.09%) eyes. Conclusion: Solar retinopathy is predominantly unilateral and is more common in males. It usually presents during the sixth decade of life and rarely causes significant visual impairment. The most common retinal damage seen was disruption of the outer retinal layers

Mucoadhesion: A Novelistic Platform For Drug Delivery System

The process of mucoadhesion involving a polymeric drug delivery system is a complex one that includes processes such aswetting, adsorption and interpenetration of polymer chains. The success and degree of mucoadhesion bonding is influencedby various polymer-based properties such as the degree of cross-linking, chain length and the presence of various functionalgroupings. Mucoadhesive dosage forms may be designed to enable prolonged retention at the site of application, providinga controlled rate of drug release for better therapeutic results. These systems remain in close contact with the absorptiontissue, the mucous membrane, releasing the drug at the action site leading to a bioavailability increase and both local andsystemic effects. Several in vitro and in vivo methodologies are proposed for studying its mechanisms. Oralmucoadhesivemicrocarriers were having potentiality for controlling and extending release profile so as to improveperformance and patient compliance. The aim of this study was to review the mechanisms and theories involved inmucoadhesion, as well as to describe the most-used methodologies and polymers in mucoadhesive drug delivery system