Peaks of Otter Salamander (Plethodon hubrichti) Condition Declines along an Elevational Gradient

Undergraduate Basi

Genetic Variation Between Populations of Plethodon hubrichti

Undergraduate Basi

Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy compared to Standard Care for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing: An Updated Systematic Review

Emerging evidence suggests that extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) may improve time to DFU healing. The aim of this review was to appraise the evidence on role of ESWT in DFU healing and impact of different ESWT doses. Databases were searched for trials comparing ESWT plus standard care to standard care alone in participants with DFUs. Search results were reviewed by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and GRADE approach was used to assess bias and certainty. The primary outcome was time to healing. The search identified 345 papers after duplicates removed. Six trials consisting of471 participants were included. There was unclear or high risk of bias across all domains. Time to ulcer healing was probably shorter in patients treated with ESWT compared with standard ulcer care alone (GRADE: low certainty). Patients treated with ESWT were more likely to heal at 20 weeks post-ESWT compared with those treated with standard ulcer care alone (GRADE: low certainty). There was significant heterogeneity. ESWT remains a promising new treatment but the translation into routine clinical practice is still limited by the low certainty of evidence surrounding its effectiveness, case selection and optimum dose

Vision-controlled jetting for composite systems and robots

Recreating complex structures and functions of natural organisms in a synthetic form is a long-standing goal for humanity. The aim is to create actuated systems with high spatial resolutions and complex material arrangements that range from elastic to rigid. Traditional manufacturing processes struggle to fabricate such complex systems. It remains an open challenge to fabricate functional systems automatically and quickly with a wide range of elastic properties, resolutions, and integrated actuation and sensing channels. We propose an inkjet deposition process called vision-controlled jetting that can create complex systems and robots. Hereby, a scanning system captures the three-dimensional print geometry and enables a digital feedback loop, which eliminates the need for mechanical planarizers. This contactless process allows us to use continuously curing chemistries and, therefore, print a broader range of material families and elastic moduli. The advances in material properties are characterized by standardized tests comparing our printed materials to the state-of-the-art. We directly fabricated a wide range of complex high-resolution composite systems and robots: tendon-driven hands, pneumatically actuated walking manipulators, pumps that mimic a heart and metamaterial structures. Our approach provides an automated, scalable, high-throughput process to manufacture high-resolution, functional multimaterial systems.ISSN:0028-0836ISSN:1476-468