472 research outputs found
Overcoming Psychologism. Twardowski on Actions and Products
This paper is about the topic of psychologism in the work of Kazimierz Twardowski and my aim is to revisit this important issue in light of recent publications from, and on Twardowskiâs works. I will first examine the genesis of psychologism in the young Twardowskiâs work; secondly, I will examine Twardowskiâs picture theory of meaning and Husserlâs criticism in Logical Investigations; the third part is about Twardowskiâs recognition and criticism of his psychologism in his lectures on the psychology of thinking; the fourth and fifth parts provide an overview of Twardowskiâs paper âActions and Productsâ while the sixth part addresses the psychologism issue in the last part of this paper through the delineation of psychology and the humanities. I shall conclude this study with a brief assessment of Twardowskiâs solution to psychologism
FedFNN: Faster Training Convergence Through Update Predictions in Federated Recommender Systems
Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a key approach for distributed machine
learning, enhancing online personalization while ensuring user data privacy.
Instead of sending private data to a central server as in traditional
approaches, FL decentralizes computations: devices train locally and share
updates with a global server. A primary challenge in this setting is achieving
fast and accurate model training - vital for recommendation systems where
delays can compromise user engagement. This paper introduces FedFNN, an
algorithm that accelerates decentralized model training. In FL, only a subset
of users are involved in each training epoch. FedFNN employs supervised
learning to predict weight updates from unsampled users, using updates from the
sampled set. Our evaluations, using real and synthetic data, show: 1. FedFNN
achieves training speeds 5x faster than leading methods, maintaining or
improving accuracy; 2. the algorithm's performance is consistent regardless of
client cluster variations; 3. FedFNN outperforms other methods in scenarios
with limited client availability, converging more quickly
Recommended from our members
Wave-induced light field fluctuations in measured irradiance depth profiles: A wavelet analysis
Rapid variations in the intensities of light are commonly observed in profiles of downwelling plane irradiance in the ocean. These fluctuations are often treated as noise and filtered out. Here an effort is made to extract the pertinent statistics to quantify the light field fluctuations from vertical profiles of irradiance measured under clear skies. The irradiance data are collected in oceanic and coastal waters using a traditional free-fall downwelling plane irradiance sensor. The irradiance profiles are transformed into time-frequency domain with a wavelet technique. Two signatures including the dominant frequency (<3.5 Hz) and the coefficient of variation of irradiance fluctuations along the water column are identified from the variance spectrum. Both the dominant frequency and the amplitude decrease as the inverse square root of depth, consistent with simple models of wave focusing and data from other studies. Mechanisms contributing to the observed variations and the observational uncertainties are discussed
Temporal and spatial occurrence of thin phytoplankton layers in relation to physical processes
In 1996 three cruises were conducted to simultaneously quantify the fine-scale optical and physical structure of the water column. Data from 120 profiles were used to investigate the temporal occurrence and spatial distribution of thin layers of phytoplankton as they relate to variations in physical processes. Thin layers ranged in thickness from a few centimeters to a few meters. They may extend horizontally for kilometers and persist for days. Thin layers are a recurring feature in the marine environment; they were observed and measured in 54% of our profiles. Physical processes are important in the temporal and spatial distribution of thin layers. Thin layer depth was closely associated with depth and strength of the pycnocline. Over 71% of all thin layers were located at the base of, or within, the pycnocline. The strong statistical relationships between thin layers and physical structure indicate that we cannot understand thin layer dynamics without understanding both local circulation patterns and regional physical forcing
Relationships between the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon and optical properties in the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans
International audienceWe have examined several approaches for estimating the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon, POC, from optical measurements of remote-sensing reflectance, <i>R<sub>rs</sub>(?)</i>, using field data collected in tropical and subtropical waters of the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans. These approaches include a direct empirical relationship between POC and the blue-to-green band ratio of reflectance, <i>R<sub>rs</sub>(?<sub>B</sub>)/R<sub>rs</sub></i>(555), and two-step algorithms that consist of relationships linking reflectance to an inherent optical property IOP (beam attenuation or backscattering coefficient) and POC to the IOP. We considered two-step empirical algorithms that exclusively include pairs of empirical relationships and two-step hybrid algorithms that consist of semianalytical models and empirical relationships. The surface POC in our data set ranges from about 10 mg m<sup>-3</sup> within the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre to 270 mg m<sup>-3</sup> in the Chilean upwelling area, and data on phytoplankton pigments, suspended particulate matter, and the backscattering ratio suggest a considerable variation in the composition of particulate assemblages in the investigated waters. The POC algorithm based on the direct relationship between POC and <i>R<sub>rs</sub>(?<sub>B</sub>)/R<sub>rs</sub></i>(555) promises reasonably good performance in the vast areas of the open ocean covering different provinces from hyperoligotrophic and oligotrophic waters within subtropical gyres to eutrophic coastal upwelling regimes characteristic of eastern ocean boundaries. The best error statistics were found for power function fits to the data of POC vs. <i>R<sub>rs</sub></i>(443)<i>/R<sub>rs</sub></i>(555) and POC vs. <i>R<sub>rs</sub></i>(490)<i>/R<sub>rs</sub></i>(555). For our data set that includes over 50 data pairs, these relationships are characterized by the mean normalized bias of about 2% and the normalized root mean square error of about 20%. We recommend that these algorithms be implemented for routine processing of ocean color satellite data to produce maps of surface POC with the status of an evaluation data product for continued work on algorithm development and refinements. The two-step algorithms also deserve further attention because they can utilize various models for estimating IOPs from reflectance, offer advantages for developing an understanding of bio-optical variability underlying the algorithms, and provide flexibility for regional or seasonal parameterizations of the algorithms
The Epistemology of Intentionality: Notional Constituents vs. Direct Grasp
Franz Brentano is well known for highlighting the importance of intentionality, but he said curiously little about the nature of intentionality. According to Mark Textor, there is a deep reason for this: Brentano took intentionality to be a conceptual primitive the nature of which is revealed only in direct grasp. Although there is certainly textual support for this interpretation, it appears in tension with Brentanoâs repeated attempts to analyze intentionality in terms of ânotional constituentsâ â aspects of intentionality which cannot come apart in reality but which can be conceptually distinguished. After bringing out this tension, I explore some options for resolving it, ultimately offering my own favored interpretation
Transformations of public spaces - sustainable and ethical approach to architectural and urban design using mixed cultural background
Transformations of public spaces are an integral part of city life. These processes although addressing site specific problems are universal for the urban centres across European countries struggling with desurbanisation, social exclusion, massive tourism, climate change and pollution
- âŠ