Seasonal Movements and Distribution of Steller’s Eiders (Polysticta stelleri) Wintering at Kodiak Island, Alaska

We used satellite telemetry in 2004–06 to describe the annual movements and habitat use of a segment of the Pacific population of Steller’s Eiders (Polysticta stelleri) that winters at Kodiak Island, Alaska. Information about broad-scale patterns of seasonal distribution and links among annual cycle stages is critical for interpreting population trends and developing conservation strategies. We captured birds in Chiniak Bay at Kodiak Island in late February and early March and monitored the movements after departure from Kodiak Island of 24 satellite-tagged birds: 16 after-second-year (ASY) age class females, one second-year age class female, and seven ASY males. All birds used the same intercontinental migration corridor during spring, but routes and chronology of spring migration appeared to vary by year and among individuals. Sixteen of the 24 birds that were tracked migrated to breeding areas along the Arctic coast of Russia from the Chukotka Peninsula to the Taymyr Peninsula; five birds, assumed to be non-breeding, spent the summer in nearshore waters of Russia and Alaska; and the remaining three birds either died during spring migration or had failed transmitters. Thirteen birds were tracked to molt sites that were broadly distributed along the coast of Alaska. Molt sites included St. Lawrence Island, the Kuskokwim Shoals, Kamishak Bay, and three sites along the Alaska Peninsula. Twelve of these 13 birds returned to Kodiak Island to winter, and a single male wintered on the Alaska Peninsula. Steller’s Eiders marked during winter at Kodiak Island were widely distributed during the breeding season, but a large proportion of marked birds returned to molting and wintering areas in two years of the study.De 2004 à 2006, nous avons recouru à la télémétrie satellitaire pour décrire l’utilisation de l’habitat et les mouvements annuels d’un segment de la population d’eiders de Steller (Polysticta stelleri) dans la région du Pacifique, eiders qui hivernent sur l’île Kodiak, en Alaska. Il est essentiel d’obtenir des données sur les tendances à grande échelle de la répartition saisonnière et des liens entre les divers stades du cycle annuel de ces oiseaux afin d’être en mesure d’interpréter leurs tendances démographiques et d’élaborer des stratégies de conservation. Nous avons capturé des oiseaux dans la baie Chiniak de l’île Kodiak vers la fin février et le début mars. Après notre départ de l’île Kodiak, nous avons surveillé les mouvements de 24 oiseaux pistés par satellite : 16 femelles de plus de deux ans, une femelle de deux ans et sept mâles de plus de deux ans. Tous les oiseaux ont emprunté le même couloir de migration intercontinental au printemps, mais les routes et la chronologie de la migration printanière semblaient varier d’une année à l’autre et d’un individu à l’autre. Seize des24 oiseaux pistés ont migré vers des aires de reproduction situées le long de la côte arctique de la Russie, depuis la presqu’île de Tchoukotkae jusqu’à la presqu’île de Taïmyr; cinq oiseaux, probablement non reproducteurs, ont passé l’été dans les eaux côtières de la Russie et de l’Alaska, tandis que les trois autres oiseaux sont morts pendant la migration printanière ou étaient dotés de transmetteurs défectueux. Treize oiseaux ont été repérés à des sites de mue largement répartis le long de la côte de l’Alaska. Parmi ces sites, notons ceux de l’île Saint-Laurent, du haut-fond de Kuskokwim, de la baie de Kamishak et de trois autres sites le long de la péninsule de l’Alaska. Douze de ces 13 oiseaux sont retournés à l’île Kodiak pour passer l’hiver, et un seul mâle a hiverné dans la péninsule de l’Alaska. Les eiders de Steller qui ont été marqués à l’île Kodiak pendant l’hiver étaient largement répartis pendant la saison de reproduction, mais une grande proportion d’oiseaux pistés sont retournés aux aires de mue et d’hivernage au cours des deux années visées par l’étude

Preclinical Evaluation of a Humanized Antibody Against Common Lymphatic Endothelial and Vascular Endothelial Receptor-1, 89Zr-Desferrioxamine-Bexmarilimab, in a Rabbit Model of Renal Fibrosis

Bexmarilimab is a new humanized monoclonal antibody against common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1 (CLEVER-1), and is in clinical trials for macrophage-guided cancer immunotherapy. In addition to cancer, CLEVER-1 is also associated with fibrosis. To facilitate prospective human PET studies, we preclinically evaluated 89Zr-labeled bexmarilimab in rabbits. Methods: Bexmarilimab was conjugated with desferrioxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Retained immunoreactivity was confirmed by flow cytometry. Distribution kinetics of intravenously administered 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab (0.1 mg/kg) for up to 7 days in a rabbit model of renal fibrosis mediated by unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO). The in-vivo stability of 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with autoradiography. Additionally, we estimated the human radiation dose from data obtained in healthy rabbits. Results: 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab cleared rapidly from the blood circulation and distributed to the liver and spleen. At 24 hours post-injection, PET/CT, ex-vivo gamma counting and autoradiography demonstrated that there was significantly higher 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab uptake in UUO-operated fibrotic renal cortex, characterized by abundant CLEVER-1-positive cells, than in contralateral or healthy kidneys. The estimated effective dose for a 70-kg human was 0.70 mSv/MBq. Conclusion: The characteristics of 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab support future human PET studies to, for example, stratify patients for bexmarilimab treatment, evaluate the efficacy of treatment, or monitor disease progression.</p

Syvän koukistajan tukisiteen vauriot hevosella

Syvän koukistajan tukisiteen vauriot ovat hevosella huonosti tunnettuja ja julkaistua tietoa niistä on varsin vähän. Pelkkä palpaatio ei ole osoittautunut riittäväksi menetelmäksivaurioiden arvioinnissa. Vasta ultraäänitutkimuksen avulla on vauriot saatu luotettavammin paikallistettua ja samalla arvioitua tarkemmin niiden vakavuusaste. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on ollut perehtyä syvän koukistajan tukisiteenrakenteeseen, toimintaan ja vaurioihin kirjallisuuden avulla sekä arvioida tukisiteen vaurioita ja seurata niiden paranemista kliinisesti ja ultraäänitutkimuksin. Tutkimuksessa oli mukana kuusi hevosta, joista viiden paranemista seurattiin uusintatutkimuksin. Potilaat olivat lähinnä iäkkäämpiä, kevyessä käytössä olevia ratsuja. Tyypillisenä oireena kaikilla potilailla todettiin säären yläosaan syvän koukistajantukisiteen alueelle paikallistunut turvotus. Turvotuksen puristusarkuus vaihteli. Kahdella potilaalla turvotus oli ainoa kliininen oire. Muilla todettiin lisäksi asteeltaan lievästävoimakkaaseen vaihteleva ontuma. Ultraäänitutkimus todettiin käyttökelpoiseksi sekä diagnoosia tehtäessä että todetun vaurionparanemista seurattaessa. Kaikki viisi seurantaan osallistunutta hevosta palasivat ajan myötä alkuperäiseen käyttöönsä. Keskimääräinen paranemisaika oli noin 4-5 kuukautta. Viidellä potilaista todettiin syvän koukistajan tukisiteen vaurion lisäksi vaurioita myös pinnallisessa koukistajajänteessä. Näiden vaurioiden merkitys jäi kuitenkin epäselväksi. Tässä tutkielmassa syvän koukistajan tukisiteestä käytetään nimitystä tukiside

Phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of novel adenoviruses isolated from long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis)

Novel adenoviruses were isolated from a long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) mortality event near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska in 2000. The long-tailed duck adenovirus genome was approximately 27 kb. A 907 bp hexon gene segment was used to design primers specific for the long-tailed duck adenovirus. Nineteen isolates were phylogenetically characterized based on portions of their hexon gene and 12 were most closely related to Goose adenovirus A. The remaining 7 shared no hexon sequences with any known adenoviruses. Experimental infections of mallards with a long-tailed duck reference adenovirus caused mild lymphoid infiltration of the intestine and paint brush hemorrhages of the mucosa and dilation of the intestine. This study shows novel adenoviruses from long-tailed ducks are diverse and provides further evidence that they should be considered in cases of morbidity and mortality in sea ducks. Conserved and specific primers have been developed that will help screen sea ducks for adenoviral infections

The Influence of Year, Laying Date, Egg Fertility and Incubation, Individual Hen, Hen Age and Mass and Clutch Size On Maternal Immunoglobulin Y Concentration In Captive Steller\u27s and Spectacled Eider Egg Yolk

Steller\u27s eiders and spectacled eiders are sea duck species whose populations have declined significantly and infectious diseases could influence offspring survival. Therefore, the maternal transfer of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) into yolk was investigated in captive Steller\u27s and spectacled eiders during the 2007–2013 breeding seasons. This project had two objectives: establish baseline IgY levels in Steller\u27s and spectacled eider yolk under controlled captive conditions and evaluate the effect of year, laying date, egg fertility, egg incubation duration, individual hen, hen age and mass, and laying order to determine which variables influenced IgY levels. Average IgY concentrations were 0.03–0.48 mg ml−1 in Steller\u27s eider yolk and 0.10–0.51 mg ml−1 in spectacled eider yolk. The year and individual hen influenced IgY concentration in Steller\u27s and spectacled eider yolk. The laying date was negatively correlated with egg IgY levels for most Steller\u27s eider hens, but laying order was positively correlated with egg IgY concentration for spectacled eiders